The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 has had significant impacts on the connectivity and performance of container ports in Southeast Asia. The application of social network analysis (SNA) in conjunction with key indicators, such as container throughput, total capacity of ships, number of ship calls, and berth duration, provides a comprehensive understanding of the development of the regional port system. While major ports in the region, namely Singapore, Port Kelang, Manila, and Laem Chabang, have exhibited signs of recovery owing to the expeditious and timely implementation of targeted policies to mitigate the adverse effects of the pandemic, smaller ports in the region, such as Bangkok, Penang, Tanjung Priok, and Tanjung Perak, are grappling with enduring repercussions and encountering challenges in resilience. These challenges stem from inadequate infrastructure, limited accommodation capacity, low loading/unloading productivity, and other significant risk events associated with the pandemic, all of which have weakened their competitiveness. In contrast, ports in Vietnam, including Cai Mep, Hai Phong, and Ho Chi Minh, as well as Malaysia's Tanjung Pelepas, have demonstrated that they are less impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. This can be attributed to the sustained growth of their respective economies and the continued surge in domestic production to meet the unabated demand for exports. Based on these findings, several policy recommendations can be suggested for port authorities to effectively manage and mitigate the impact of risky events, such as pandemics, in the future while also enhancing the competitiveness of ports.

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COVID-19 大流行对东南亚主要集装箱港口的连通性、运营效率和弹性的影响

2020 年的 COVID-19 大流行对东南亚集装箱港口的连通性和性能产生了重大影响。应用社会网络分析（SNA），结合集装箱吞吐量、船舶总运力、船舶靠港次数、泊位时长等关键指标，全面了解区域港口体系的发展情况。虽然该地区的主要港口，即新加坡、巴生港、马尼拉和林查班港，由于迅速、及时地实施有针对性的政策以减轻大流行的不利影响，已显示出复苏的迹象，但该地区较小的港口，例如曼谷、槟城、丹绒不碌和丹绒霹雳正在努力应对持久的影响，并在恢复力方面遇到挑战。这些挑战源于基础设施不足、舱位能力有限、装卸效率低下以及与疫情相关的其他重大风险事件，所有这些都削弱了它们的竞争力。相比之下，越南的港口，包括盖梅、海防和胡志明市，以及马来西亚的丹绒帕拉帕斯，已证明它们受 COVID-19 大流行的影响较小。这可以归因于各自经济的持续增长以及国内生产的持续激增，以满足不减的出口需求。基于这些发现，可以为港口当局提出几项政策建议，以有效管理和减轻未来流行病等风险事件的影响，同时提高港口的竞争力。