(Araliaceae) is widely used as adaptogen in herbal medicine. Since comprehensive anatomical analysis of its vegetative organs was not available, the present study aimed at providing the reference data on the structure of leaves and roots, under- and aboveground stems of 1–4 year-old plants by means of conventional light microscopy. In the primary structure, roots were di- or triarch, with secretory canals facing protoxylem. Concurrently with cambium initiation, additional pericyclic secretory canals differentiated close to the existing ones. In the root secondary structure, secretory canals were formed in the conductive secondary phloem and maintained in the nonconductive one. Stem primary structure encompassed uniseriate epidermis with scant prickles, primary cortex and stele. Primary cortex was composed of collenchyma, chlorenchyma, ground parenchyma with secretory canals and ca. triseriate starch sheath. In outer stele (pericycle) strands of sclerenchyma fibers (stereids) differentiated, alternated with parenchyma. In the ring of open collateral bundles, cambium became continuous concurrently with (sub)epidermal initiation of phellogen. In the wide pith, ground parenchyma occurred, with a few secretory canals close to protoxylem. Secondary structure stems retained the cortical tissues in the 4th year; new secretory canals appeared in the conductive secondary phloem. The epithelial cells/sheath cells complexes were maintained even in the oldest nonconductive phloem (and in the cortex) in stems of 4 year-old plants, while the successively formed sieve tube-companion cell complexes functioned till the end of the vegetation periods only. The bifacial leaves exhibited shade adaptation in chlorenchyma structure; secretory canals were formed mainly in veins’ phloem.

中文翻译：

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刺五加营养器官的解剖学 (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim。 （五加科）

（五加科）在草药中广泛用作适应原。由于无法对其营养器官进行全面的解剖分析，本研究旨在通过常规光学显微镜手段提供1-4年生植物叶、根、地下和地上茎结构的参考数据。在初级结构中，根是二体或三体，分泌管面向原木质部。与形成层形成同时，额外的周环分泌管分化为接近现有的。在根二级结构中，分泌道在传导性次生韧皮部中形成，并在非传导性韧皮部中维持。茎的初级结构包括单列表皮和少量皮刺、初生皮层和中柱。初级皮质由厚角组织、绿色组织、带有分泌管的基底薄壁组织和约。三列淀粉鞘。在外柱（中柱鞘）中，巩膜纤维（stereids）束分化，与薄壁组织交替。在开放的侧枝束环中，形成层在表皮（亚）表皮起始起始的同时变得连续。在宽髓中，出现地面薄壁组织，有一些分泌管靠近原木质部。第4年茎二级结构保留皮质组织；新的分泌管出现在导电的次生韧皮部中。即使在4年生植物茎中最古老的非传导性韧皮部（和皮层）中，上皮细胞/鞘细胞复合体也得以维持，而相继形成的筛管-伴细胞复合体仅在生长期结束时发挥作用。双面叶的绿藻结构表现出对荫蔽的适应能力；分泌管主要在静脉韧皮部形成。