Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) materials have become popular for dental restorations; however, which materials should be preferred in terms of surface properties after biofilm formation is unclear. The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of biofilm formation on the discoloration properties of resin-infiltrated ceramic and glass ceramic CAD-CAM materials and human teeth and to examine the effect of the brushing procedure on color change. One hundred and six 2-mm-thick specimens were prepared from IPS e.max CAD and Cerasmart, and a total of 53 intact human teeth were used. Five specimens from each group were used to measure the amount of live biomass in the biofilm. The remaining 48 specimens in each group were divided into 4 subgroups: kept in distilled water without the formation of dental biofilm (DW), kept in tea without the formation of dental biofilm (T), kept in distilled water after the formation of dental biofilm (DWB), and kept in tea after the formation of dental biofilm (TB) (n=12). After finishing and polishing the materials, initial color measurements were made using a spectrophotometer, and surface roughness measurements were made using noncontact profilometer. After creating a biofilm layer in DWB and TB, all specimens were kept in their solutions at 37 °C for 24 hours, and the color measurements were repeated. After the biofilm layer had been removed by brushing, a third color measurement was made. The data were statistically analyzed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and two-way ANOVA (α=.05). The lowest roughness value was observed in Cerasmart. Tooth-IPS e.max CAD gave similar results. The Cerasmart material had the most viable biomass, whereas the IPS e.max CAD material had the least. TB had the highest ΔE1 value for all materials and DW had the lowest (<.05). The brushing procedure caused the materials to return to their initial colors or reduce the color change in most groups. The presence of biofilm on CAD-CAM materials immersed in distilled water caused an unacceptable degree of discoloration (ΔE>1.8), and immersion in tea led to greater color change. The adhesion of biofilm to restorative dental materials plays an important role in the coloring of these dental materials.

中文翻译：

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表面粗糙度和生物膜形成对树脂渗透陶瓷和二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷 CAD-CAM 材料颜色性能的影响

计算机辅助设计和计算机辅助制造（CAD-CAM）材料在牙科修复中已变得流行；然而，就生物膜形成后的表面特性而言，哪种材料应该是优选的尚不清楚。这项体外研究的目的是研究生物膜形成对树脂渗透陶瓷和玻璃陶瓷 CAD-CAM 材料以及人类牙齿变色特性的影响，并检查刷牙程序对颜色变化的影响。利用 IPS e.max CAD 和 Cerasmart 制备了 106 个 2 毫米厚的标本，总共使用了 53 颗完整的人类牙齿。每组的五个样本用于测量生物膜中活生物量的量。每组其余48个标本分为4个亚组：保存在蒸馏水中未形成牙齿生物膜（DW）、保存在茶中未形成牙齿生物膜（T）、保存在形成牙齿生物膜后蒸馏水中（DWB），并在牙齿生物膜（TB）形成后保存在茶中（n=12）。对材料进行精加工和抛光后，使用分光光度计进行初始颜色测量，并使用非接触式轮廓仪进行表面粗糙度测量。在 DWB 和 TB 中形成生物膜层后，所有样本均在 37°C 的溶液中保存 24 小时，并重复颜色测量。通过刷子去除生物膜层后，进行第三次颜色测量。采用单向方差分析 (ANOVA) 和双向方差分析 (α=.05) 对数据进行统计分析。在 Cerasmart 中观察到最低的粗糙度值。Tooth-IPS e.max CAD 给出了类似的结果。Cerasmart 材料具有最多的可行生物质，而 IPS e.max CAD 材料具有最少的可行生物质。所有材料中 TB 的 ΔE1 值最高，DW 最低 (<.05)。刷牙程序使大多数组中的材料恢复到其初始颜色或减少颜色变化。浸泡在蒸馏水中的 CAD-CAM 材料上存在的生物膜导致了不可接受的变色程度 (ΔE>1.8)，而浸泡在茶中会导致更大的颜色变化。生物膜与修复性牙科材料的粘附在这些牙科材料的着色中起着重要作用。