Soil microbial communities regulate the fate of soil organic matter and allow plants to adjust to external conditions, tolerate stresses and modulate their nutrition in forest ecosystems. Yet, the long-lasting effects of different forest harvesting intensities on soil microbial communities remain poorly understood. We assessed even-aged (clear-cuts) and uneven-aged (partial harvests; 30% by single-tree selection) management effects on bacterial and fungal abundance and fungal community composition in the forest floor 5, 15 and 30 years after harvesting, relative to unmanaged old-growth controls, in a shade-tolerant hardwood forest in southern Quebec, Canada. Bacteria abundance in even-aged managed forests was significantly higher than in unmanaged forests over both the short- and long-term. Five years after harvesting, fungal species richness in even-aged (331 OTU) and uneven-aged (323 OTU) managed forests was significantly lower than in unmanaged forests (380 OTU). At the same time, fungal community dissimilarity and the proportion of fungal pathogens and parasites in even-aged managed forests were significantly higher than in unmanaged forests. The significant differences in fungal community composition between unmanaged forests and managed forests observed in the short-term (5 years after harvesting) become negligible in the long-term (30 years after harvesting). No significant effect of forest harvesting treatments on the proportion of saprotrophic fungi or fungal phylogenetic diversity was observed. Uneven-aged managed forests and unmanaged forests were associated with higher concentrations of P and C in the forest floor, higher forest density and diversity, and higher proportions of symbiotic fungi.

中文翻译：

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不同采伐强度对温带阔叶林土壤微生物群落的长期影响

土壤微生物群落调节土壤有机质的命运，使植物能够适应外部条件、耐受压力并调节森林生态系统中的营养。然而，不同森林采伐强度对土壤微生物群落的长期影响仍然知之甚少。我们评估了采伐后 5 年、15 年和 30 年的同龄（皆伐）和异龄（部分采伐；单树选择 30%）管理对森林地面细菌和真菌丰度以及真菌群落组成的影响，相对于不受管理的老树生长控制，加拿大魁北克省南部的耐荫硬木森林。从短期和长期来看，同龄管理的森林中的细菌丰度显着高于未管理的森林。采伐五年后，同龄（331 OTU）和异龄（323 OTU）管理的森林中的真菌物种丰富度显着低于未管理的森林（380 OTU）。同时，同龄经营林中真菌群落差异以及真菌病原体和寄生虫的比例显着高于非经营林。短期（采伐后 5 年）观察到的未管理森林和管理森林之间真菌群落组成的显着差异在长期（采伐后 30 年）中变得可以忽略不计。没有观察到森林采伐处理对腐生真菌的比例或真菌系统发育多样性的显着影响。林龄不均的管理森林和非管理森林与森林地面中较高的磷和碳浓度、较高的森林密度和多样性以及较高比例的共生真菌有关。