The application of nanotechnology in biological and medical fields have resulted in the creation of new devices, supramolecular systems, structures, complexes, and composites. Dendrimers are relatively new nanotechnological polymers with unique features; they are globular in shape, with a topological structure formed by monomeric subunit branches diverging to the sides from the central nucleus. This review analyzes the main features of dendrimers and their applications in biology and medicine regarding cancer treatment. Dendrimers have applications that include drug and gene carriers, antioxidant agents, imaging agents, and adjuvants, but importantly, dendrimers can create complex nanosized constructions that combine features such as drug/gene carriers and imaging agents. Dendrimer-based nanosystems include different metals that enhance oxidative stress, polyethylene glycol to provide biosafety, an imaging agent (a fluorescent, radioactive, magnetic resonance imaging probe), a drug or/and nucleic acid that provides a single or dual action on cells or tissues. One of major benefit of dendrimers is their easy release from the body (in contrast to metal nanoparticles, fullerenes, and carbon nanotubes), allowing the creation of biosafe constructions. Some dendrimers are already clinically approved and are being used as drugs, but many nanocomplexes are currently being studied for clinical practice. In summary, dendrimers are very useful tool in the creation of complex nanoconstructions for personalized nanomedicine.

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用于癌症治疗的多功能树枝状大分子复合物的最新进展

纳米技术在生物和医学领域的应用导致了新设备、超分子系统、结构、复合物和复合材料的产生。树枝状聚合物是相对较新的纳米技术聚合物，具有独特的特性；它们呈球形，具有由从中央核向两侧分叉的单体亚基分支形成的拓扑结构。本综述分析了树枝状聚合物的主要特征及其在癌症治疗的生物学和医学中的应用。树枝状聚合物的应用包括药物和基因载体、抗氧化剂、成像剂和佐剂，但重要的是，树枝状聚合物可以创建结合药物/基因载体和成像剂等特征的复杂纳米结构。基于树枝状聚合物的纳米系统包括增强氧化应激的不同金属、提供生物安全性的聚乙二醇、成像剂（荧光、放射性、磁共振成像探针）、对细胞或细胞提供单一或双重作用的药物或/和核酸。组织。树枝状聚合物的主要优点之一是它们很容易从体内释放（与金属纳米颗粒、富勒烯和碳纳米管相比），从而可以创建生物安全的结构。一些树枝状聚合物已经获得临床批准并被用作药物，但许多纳米复合物目前正在研究用于临床实践。总之，树枝状聚合物是为个性化纳米医学创建复杂纳米结构的非常有用的工具。