The explosibility of metals typically used as oxygen carriers in chemical looping processes are reviewed. Chemical looping processes use intensified process conditions such as elevated temperatures and pressures to accelerate reduction and oxidation reactions of metals. A review of literature on metals indicates they are generally non-explosible under standard test conditions, however, at conditions used in chemical looping processes the opportunity to remove kinetic limitations exists resulting in reclassification of these dusts as marginally explosible under these circumstances. Potential locations and scenarios for explosions involving oxygen carriers in chemical looping processes are described. Operating conditions (temperature, pressure) and oxygen carrier qualities (base metal, support/loading) are reviewed for their effect on explosion severity parameters. These studies show explosions are unlikely to be severe in chemical looping reactors, but severity can increase while likelihood decreases in windboxes and in downstream process units following cooling. The potential for explosions where a metal oxide dust acts as the oxidizing agent for gaseous fuels through heterogeneous (chemical looping combustion – CLC) and homogenous (chemical looping oxygen uncoupling – CLOU) pathways as may be found in chemical looping processes is introduced, which we term a metal oxide reducing environment (MORE) explosion. Methane was shown to have the potential for the most serious consequences when reacting with copper- and manganese-oxides due to their reduction both being exothermic and increasing the quantity of gas present. Hematite and nickel oxide do not demonstrate this behaviour with common gaseous fuels. Potential prevention and mitigation strategies for explosions in chemical looping processes are briefly introduced. Particulate management strategies, venting, and downstream concerns are discussed.

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化学循环过程中粉尘和气体爆炸可能性的评估

回顾了化学循环过程中通常用作氧载体的金属的爆炸性。化学循环工艺使用强化工艺条件（例如升高的温度和压力）来加速金属的还原和氧化反应。对金属文献的回顾表明，它们在标准测试条件下通常是不易爆炸的，然而，在化学循环过程中使用的条件下，存在消除动力学限制的机会，导致这些粉尘在这些情况下被重新分类为轻微爆炸。描述了化学循环过程中涉及氧载体的爆炸的潜在位置和场景。审查操作条件（温度、压力）和载氧体质量（贱金属、载体/负载）对爆炸严重程度参数的影响。这些研究表明，化学循环反应器中的爆炸不太可能很严重，但严重程度可能会增加，而冷却后风箱和下游工艺装置中的可能性会降低。介绍了金属氧化物粉尘通过非均相（化学循环燃烧 - CLC）和均相（化学循环氧解偶联 - CLOU）途径作为气体燃料的氧化剂发生爆炸的可能性，这在化学循环过程中可能会出现，我们对此进行了介绍。术语“金属氧化物还原环境（更多）爆炸”。研究表明，甲烷与铜氧化物和锰氧化物反应时可能会产生最严重的后果，因为它们的还原过程是放热的，并且会增加气体的数量。赤铁矿和氧化镍在普通气体燃料中不会表现出这种行为。简要介绍了化学循环过程中爆炸的潜在预防和缓解策略。讨论了颗粒管理策略、通风和下游问题。