In this work, the combined addition of strontium/indium (Sr/In) to the magnesium anode for Mg-Air Cells is investigated to improve discharge performance by modifying the anode/electrolyte interface. Indium exists as solid solution atoms in the α-Mg matrix without its second-phase generation, and at the same time facilitates grain refinement, dendritic segregation and MgSr-phases precipitation. During discharge operation, Sr modifies the film composition via its compounds and promoted the redeposition of In at the substrate/film interface; their co-deposition behavior on the anodic reaction surface enhances anode reaction kinetics, suppresses the negative difference effect (NDE) and mitigates the “chunk effect” (CE), which is contributed to uniform dissolution and low self-corrosion hydrogen evolution rate (HER). Therefore, Mg-Sr-In alloy anodes show excellent discharge performance, e.g., 0.5Sr-1.0In shows an average discharge voltage of 1.4234 V and a specific energy density of 1990.71 Wh kg at 10 mA cm. Furthermore, the decisive factor (CE and self-discharge HE) for anodic efficiency are quantitively analyzed, the self-discharge is the main factor of cell efficiency loss. Surprisingly, all Mg-Sr-In anodes show anodic efficiency greater than 60% at high current density (≥10 mA cm), making them excellent candidate anodes for Mg-Air cells at high-power output.

中文翻译：

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通过 Mg-Sr-In 三元合金的 Sr/In 共沉积行为作为镁空气电池阳极，同时实现优异的比容量和能量密度

在这项工作中，研究了在镁空气电池的镁阳极中联合添加锶/铟 (Sr/In)，以通过修改阳极/电解质界面来提高放电性能。铟以固溶体原子形式存在于α-Mg基体中，不生成第二相，同时有利于晶粒细化、枝晶偏析和MgSr相析出。在放电操作过程中，Sr通过其化合物改变薄膜成分并促进In在衬底/薄膜界面处的再沉积；它们在阳极反应表面上的共沉积行为增强了阳极反应动力学，抑制了负差异效应（NDE）并减轻了“块效应”（CE），这有助于均匀溶解和低自腐蚀析氢速率（HER） ）。因此，Mg-Sr-In合金负极表现出优异的放电性能，例如0.5Sr-1.0In在10 mA cm下的平均放电电压为1.4234 V，比能量密度为1990.71 Wh kg。此外，对阳极效率的决定因素（CE和自放电HE）进行了定量分析，自放电是电池效率损失的主要因素。令人惊讶的是，所有 Mg-Sr-In 阳极在高电流密度（≥10 mA cm）下都表现出大于 60% 的阳极效率，使其成为高功率输出下镁空气电池的优秀候选阳极。