Abstract

Studies on the wheat response under late sowing (LS) and salinity stress (SS) are available, however, in rice-wheat and cotton-wheat cropping systems, wheat planting is often delayed resulting in co-occurrence of LS and SS in salt affected soils. This two-year field study was conducted to evaluate the influence of foliar application of plant growth regulators (PGRs) [thiourea (TU), salicylic acid (SA) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂); water and no application were taken as control] on the productivity, grain quality and economic returns of timely-sown (TS) and LS wheat under normal (NC) and natural saline conditions (SS; EC 11.27 dS m^− 1). Delay in sowing and planting in naturally saline soils caused a significant decrease in plant growth, grain yield, grain quality and net economic returns during both years of study. Late planting and SS caused a significant reduction in grain yield reduction by 40.58% and 34.72% (LS) and 40.66% and 42.89% (SS) compared with respective controls during 2021 and 2022, respectively. However, the influence of co-occurrence of LS and SS was more devastating than the individual stress causing 62.17% and 60.18% reduction in grain yield than the respective control during 2021 and 2022, respectively. However, the application of all PGRs improved the grain yield, grain quality and economic turnover under SS and LS stress. The order of improvement in grain yield by the application of PGRs treatments was TU > SA > H₂O₂. In conclusion, the application of different plant growth regulators improved economic returns, grain yield and quality attributes of late-sown wheat under saline conditions. In this regard, TU application was the most effective.

中文翻译：

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外源施用植物生长调节剂提高盐渍条件下晚播小麦的经济效益、产量和品质

摘要

目前已有关于小麦在晚播（LS）和盐胁迫（SS）下的响应的研究，然而，在稻麦和棉麦混作系统中，小麦播种往往被推迟，导致盐胁迫下LS和SS同时出现。土壤。这项为期两年的实地研究旨在评估叶面喷施植物生长调节剂（PGR）[硫脲（TU）、水杨酸（SA）和过氧化氢（H ₂ O ₂）的影响；^{以水和不施用为对照]对正常（NC）和天然盐碱条件（SS；EC 11.27 dS m −1}）下适时播种（TS）和LS小麦的生产力、籽粒品质和经济效益进行了研究。在这两年的研究中，自然盐渍土中播种和种植的延迟导致植物生长、粮食产量、粮食质量和净经济效益显着下降。与对照相比，2021 年和 2022 年晚播和 SS 导致粮食减产分别显着减少 40.58% 和 34.72%（LS）以及 40.66% 和 42.89%（SS）。然而，LS和SS同时发生的影响比单独胁迫更具破坏性，导致2021年和2022年粮食产量分别比对照减少62.17%和60.18%。然而，在SS和LS胁迫下，所有植物遗传资源的施用都提高了粮食产量、粮食质量和经济周转。PGRs处理提高籽粒产量的顺序为TU>SA>H ₂ O ₂。综上所述，施用不同植物生长调节剂可提高盐渍条件下晚播小麦的经济效益、产量和品质。在这方面，TU的应用是最有效的。