Abstract

Data on the structure of G-quadruplexes, noncanonical nucleic acid forms, supporting an idea of their potential participation in regulation of gene expression in response to the change in intracellular Na⁺_i/K⁺_i ratio are considered in the review. Structural variety of G-quadruplexes, role of monovalent cations in formation of this structure, and thermodynamic stability of G-quadruplexes are described. Data on the methods of their identification in the cells and biological functions of these structures are presented. Analysis of information about specific interactions of G-quadruplexes with some proteins was conducted, and their potential participation in the development of some pathological conditions, in particular, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, is considered. Special attention is given to the plausible role of G-quadruplexes as sensors of intracellular Na⁺_i/K⁺_i ratio, because alteration of this parameter affects folding of G-quadruplexes changing their stability and, thereby, organization of the regulatory elements of nucleic acids. The data presented in the conclusion section demonstrate significant change in the expression of some early response genes under certain physiological conditions of cells and tissues depending on the intracellular Na⁺_i/K⁺_i ratio.

中文翻译：

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G-四链体作为细胞内 Na+/K+ 比率传感器：在转录和翻译调节中的潜在作用

摘要

该综述考虑了有关 G-四链体（非规范核酸形式）结构的数据，支持其潜在参与基因表达调节以响应细胞内 Na ⁺ _i /K ⁺ _{i比率变化的想法。}描述了 G-四链体的结构多样性、单价阳离子在该结构形成中的作用以及 G-四链体的热力学稳定性。提供了有关它们在细胞中的识别方法以及这些结构的生物学功能的数据。对 G-四链体与某些蛋白质的特定相互作用的信息进行了分析，并考虑了它们在某些病理状况（特别是癌症和神经退行性疾病）发展中的潜在参与。特别关注 G-四链体作为细胞内 Na ⁺ _i /K ⁺ _i比率传感器的合理作用，因为该参数的改变会影响 G-四链体的折叠，从而改变其稳定性，从而影响核酸调控元件的组织。酸。结论部分提供的数据表明，在细胞和组织的某些生理条件下，一些早期反应基因的表达发生显着变化，具体取决于细胞内 Na ⁺ _i /K ⁺ _i比率。