Agricultural extension programs promote regenerative land management practices by increasing farmers' awareness of land use, climate risks, and adoption of adaptation practices for sustainable livelihoods. This study focuses on the perceptions of communities that participate in extension programs and those that do not, regarding climate change risks and livelihood sustainability in Pakistan's Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) region. The findings indicate that communities participating in extension programs reported poor community land use practices as a cause of negative climate impacts. Farmers identified livestock deaths due to drought and frequent flooding as the main climate risks in their communities. Our study emphasizes the crucial role of extension programs in mitigating and adapting to environmental risks by increasing awareness, promoting a comprehensive understanding of climate risks and adaptation, and planning for land use management. Additionally, our findings underscore the significance of extension initiatives in enhancing livelihoods, such as agriculture, livestock, and forest‐based livelihoods, in the face of climate change challenges. We recommend increasing access to extension programs, strengthening the role of extension initiatives in climate change mitigation and adaptation, and promoting community participation in decision‐making to support sustainable livelihoods.

中文翻译：

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气候变化和农村生计：可持续发展推广计划的潜力

农业推广计划通过提高农民对土地利用、气候风险的认识以及采取可持续生计的适应做法来促进再生土地管理做法。本研究重点关注参与推广计划和未参与推广计划的社区对巴基斯坦兴都库什喜马拉雅 (HKH) 地区气候变化风险和生计可持续性的看法。研究结果表明，参与推广计划的社区报告不良的社区土地利用做法是造成负面气候影响的原因。农民认为干旱和频繁洪水造成的牲畜死亡是其社区的主要气候风险。我们的研究强调了推广计划通过提高认识、促进对气候风险和适应的全面了解以及土地利用管理规划在减轻和适应环境风险方面的关键作用。此外，我们的研究结果强调了面对气候变化挑战时，推广举措对于改善农业、畜牧业和森林生计等生计的重要性。我们建议增加获得推广计划的机会，加强推广计划在减缓和适应气候变化方面的作用，并促进社区参与决策以支持可持续生计。