The initial phase of multiple sclerosis (MS), often known as clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), is a critical period for identifying individuals at high risk of progressing to full‐blown MS and initiating timely treatment. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13) and interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) as potential markers for CIS patients' conversion to MS. Our study encompassed patients with CIS, those with relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS), and control subjects, with sample analysis conducted on both cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum. Patients were categorized into four groups: CIS–CIS (no MS development within 2 years), CIS–RRMS (conversion to RRMS within 2 years), RRMS (already diagnosed), and a control group (CG) with noninflammatory central nervous system disorders. Results showed significantly elevated levels of CXCL13 in CSF across all patient groups compared with the CG (p < 0.0001, Kruskal–Wallis test). Although CXCL13 concentrations were slightly higher in the CIS–RRMS group, statistical significance was not reached. Similarly, significantly higher levels of IL‐8 were detected in CSF samples from all patient groups compared with the CG (p < 0.0001, Kruskal–Wallis test). Receiver operating characteristic analysis in the CIS–RRMS group identified both CXCL13 (area under receiver operating characteristic curve = .959) and IL‐8 (area under receiver operating characteristic curve = .939) in CSF as significant predictors of CIS to RRMS conversion. In conclusion, our study suggests a trend towards elevated CSF IL‐8 and CSF CXCL13 levels in CIS patients progressing to RRMS. These findings emphasize the importance of identifying prognostic markers to guide appropriate treatment strategies for individuals in the early stages of MS.

中文翻译：

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C-X-C 基序趋化因子配体 13 和白介素-8 在预测从临床孤立综合征向多发性硬化症转变中的预后相关性

多发性硬化症 (MS) 的初始阶段通常称为临床孤立综合征 (CIS)，是识别高风险个体发展为全面性多发性硬化症并及时开始治疗的关键时期。在本研究中，我们旨在评估 C-X-C 基序趋化因子配体 13 (CXCL13) 和白介素-8 (IL-8) 作为 CIS 患者转化为 MS 的潜在标志物的预后价值。我们的研究涵盖了 CIS 患者、复发缓解型 MS (RRMS) 患者和对照受试者，并对脑脊液 (CSF) 和血清进行了样本分析。患者被分为四组：CIS-CIS（2年内未出现MS）、CIS-RRMS（2年内转变为RRMS）、RRMS（已诊断）和患有非炎症性中枢神经系统疾病的对照组（CG） 。结果显示，与 CG 相比，所有患者组的 CSF 中 CXCL13 水平显着升高（p< 0.0001，克鲁斯卡尔-沃利斯检验）。尽管 CIS-RRMS 组的 CXCL13 浓度稍高，但未达到统计学显着性。同样，与 CG 相比，所有患者组的 CSF 样本中检测到的 IL-8 水平显着较高（p< 0.0001，克鲁斯卡尔-沃利斯检验）。CIS-RRMS 组的接受者操作特征分析确定 CSF 中的 CXCL13（接受者操作特征曲线下面积 = .959）和 IL-8（接受者操作特征曲线下面积 = .939）是 CIS 向 RRMS 转换的重要预测因子。总之，我们的研究表明，进展为 RRMS 的 CIS 患者的 CSF IL-8 和 CSF CXCL13 水平有升高的趋势。这些发现强调了确定预后标志物以指导多发性硬化症早期个体采取适当治疗策略的重要性。