A two‐stage sampler was designed to investigate the vertical distribution of heavy metals and trace elements that contaminate forest soils through atmospheric deposition. The hand‐corer consisted of two L‐shaped aluminum angles that were driven separately into the soil to reduce friction between the corer wall and the soil. This allowed for soil cores to be collected with less compression than with traditional corers. The corer is easily made, inexpensive, lightweight, and easy to carry. The degree of compression of soil cores collected at a depth of 20 cm from various montane forests in Japan was usually less than 10% (collected core length >18 cm); although, more compression occurred in soil with a higher air content. The degree of compression of soil cores collected from urban forests was lower than that in montane forests. When the two‐stage sampler was compared with a tube‐type sampler in a Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) forest, the compression degree of a soil core collected with the two‐stage sampler was a quarter that of the tube‐type sampler. The collection of less‐compressed soil cores will allow for reconstruction of a more accurate linear depth distribution of contaminants. To demonstrate this, we investigated the vertical distribution of Pb, Sb, and radioactive 137Cs in soil cores collected from conifer plantations on Mount Tsukuba, Japan, in April 2011. The migration centers of anthropogenic Pb, Sb, and 137Cs were positioned at 7.9, 7.5, and 3.3 cm from the ground surface, respectively. These distances probably reflect differences in the history of atmospheric pollution.

中文翻译：

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两级土壤核心取样器，用于从森林地区收集压缩程度较低的核心

设计了两级采样器来研究通过大气沉降污染森林土壤的重金属和微量元素的垂直分布。手动取芯器由两个 L 形铝角组成，它们分别打入土壤中，以减少取芯器壁与土壤之间的摩擦。与传统取芯器相比，这使得收集土芯时受到的压力更小。该取芯器制造容易、价格便宜、重量轻且易于携带。日本各种山地森林20cm深处采集的土芯压缩度通常小于10%（采集芯长度>18cm）；然而，空气含量较高的土壤中会发生更大的压缩。城市森林采集的土芯压缩程度低于山地森林。当两级采样器与日本雪松的管式采样器进行比较时（日本柳杉）森林中，两级采样器采集的土芯的压缩程度是管式采样器的四分之一。收集压缩程度较低的土芯将有助于重建污染物的更准确的线性深度分布。为了证明这一点，我们研究了 Pb、Sb 和放射性物质的垂直分布1372011 年 4 月从日本筑波山针叶树种植园收集的土壤核心中的 Cs。人为 Pb、Sb 和137Cs 分别位于距离地面 7.9、7.5 和 3.3 cm 的位置。这些距离可能反映了大气污染历史的差异。