Athletes’ history of concussions is an important indicator of risk potential in organized sports. The purpose of this project was to explore differences by sport classification (contact vs. noncontact) and sex on concussion history among university club sports participants. This was a cross-sectional quality improvement study ( n = 593). The outcomes were self-reported answers to: (1) How many times have you been diagnosed with a concussion? and (2) How many times have you had your “bell rung”/“dinged”? Multivariable logistic regression models examined the association of contact club sport participation and sex on the history of concussion and prior experience of having their bell rung. Models were adjusted for age, race, participation in multiple sports, and years of participation in sports, and years in college. When compared to those in non-contact club sports, the adjusted odds of reporting ever having a concussion were 2.29 times higher for those participating in contact club sports (OR = 2.29; 95% CI: 1.49, 3.53). In the model for having a bell rung, those participating in a contact sport had 1.90 times greater odds of reporting having their bell rung in the past compared to those in noncontact sports (OR = 1.90; 95% CI: 1.25, 2.88). Whereas males and females did not differ in their self-reported concussion history, females had significantly lower odds of reporting having their bell rung in the past than males (OR = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.30, 0.69). Female athletes have a higher reporting of concussion incidence than that of male athletes. The use of terminology and variance in slang versus medical terms has the potential to affect reporting outcomes. Reporting of concussion incidents has the potential to be influenced by the nature of sport culture and sport participation in contact versus noncontact sports. Club sport athletes could benefit from tailored education related to concussions based on these results.

中文翻译：

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大学俱乐部体育学生运动员脑震荡情况因运动和性别而异

运动员的脑震荡史是有组织运动中潜在风险的重要指标。该项目的目的是探讨大学俱乐部运动参与者中运动分类（接触性与非接触性）和性别对脑震荡历史的差异。这是一项横断面质量改进研究（n = 593）。结果是自我报告的以下问题的答案：（1）您被诊断患有脑震荡有多少次？(2) 您的“门铃响了”/“叮当声”了多少次？多变量逻辑回归模型检查了接触俱乐部运动参与和性别与脑震荡史和之前敲响铃声的经历之间的关系。模型根据年龄、种族、参与多种运动、参与运动的年限和上大学的年限进行了调整。与参加非接触性俱乐部运动的人相比，参加接触性俱乐部运动的人报告曾患有脑震荡的调整后几率高出 2.29 倍（OR = 2.29；95% CI：1.49，3.53）。在响铃模型中，参与接触性运动的参与者报告过去曾响过铃的几率是非接触性运动参与者的 1.90 倍（OR = 1.90；95% CI：1.25，2.88）。尽管男性和女性在自我报告的脑震荡史方面没有差异，但女性报告过去曾敲响过铃声的几率明显低于男性（OR = 0.46；95% CI：0.30，0.69）。女运动员的脑震荡发生率高于男运动员。术语的使用以及俚语与医学术语的差异有可能影响报告结果。脑震荡事件的报告可能会受到体育文化的性质以及接触性运动与非接触性运动的参与程度的影响。俱乐部体育运动员可以从基于这些结果的与脑震荡相关的定制教育中受益。