There are many religions in the human world, and people manifest their religiousness in many different ways. The main problem this paper addresses concerns the possibility of sorting out this complex world of human religiousness by showing that it can be phenomenologically reduced to a few very basic existential attitudes. These attitudes express the main types of ways in which a human being relates to his or herself and the world, independently of the worldview or religion professed by the individual. I use Kierkegaard’s theories of the stages of existence and subjective truth as a model. The theory of the stages of existence provides five basic existential attitudes on the basis of which religious attitudes can develop: spiritlessness, the aesthetic, the ethical, religiousness A, and religiousness B. The theory of subjective truth shows how the concept of truth functions in an ethical and existential sense as the personal truth of an individual engaged in building their religious identity. In turn, I discuss the problem of the relation of Kierkegaard’s philosophy to phenomenology, briefly introduce his concept of subjective truth and the stages of existence, and show how existential attitudes can be transformed into religious ones. I also consider the problem of the demonic as the inverted order of this anthropological and existential model. Finally, I argue that the model developed herein may be useful for further research into the phenomenology of religious attitudes.

中文翻译：

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克尔凯郭尔的存在阶段和主观真理理论作为进一步研究宗教态度现象学的模型

人类世界有多种宗教，人们以多种不同的方式表现自己的宗教信仰。本文解决的主要问题涉及通过表明可以在现象学上将其简化为几种非常基本的存在态度来整理人类宗教性的复杂世界的可能性。这些态度表达了人类与他或她自己以及世界联系的主要方式，与个人所信奉的世界观或宗教无关。我以克尔凯郭尔的存在阶段理论和主观真理为模型。存在阶段理论提供了五种基本的存在态度，在此基础上宗教态度得以发展：无精神、审美、伦理、宗教性A和宗教性B。主观真理理论表明真理概念如何在宗教态度中发挥作用。道德和存在意识作为个人致力于建立其宗教身份的个人真理。进而讨论克尔凯郭尔哲学与现象学的关系问题，简要介绍他的主观真理概念和存在阶段，并展示存在态度如何转化为宗教态度。我还认为恶魔的问题是这种人类学和存在主义模型的颠倒顺序。最后，我认为本文开发的模型可能有助于进一步研究宗教态度现象学。