Recognizing immune dysregulation as a hallmark of sepsis pathophysiology, leukocytes have attracted major attention of investigation. While adult and pediatric sepsis are clinically distinct, their immunological delineation remains limited. Single cell technologies facilitated the characterization of immune signatures. We tackled to delineate immunological profiles of pediatric sepsis at a single-cell level by analyzing blood samples from six septic children, at both acute and recovery phases, and four healthy children. 16 single-cell transcriptomic datasets were analyzed and compared to adult sepsis dataset. We showed a unique shift in neutrophil subpopulations and functions between acute and recovery phases, along with the regulatory role of resistin. Neutrophil signatures were comparable between adult and pediatric sepsis. Innate-like CD4 T cells were predominantly and uniquely observed in acute phase of pediatric sepsis. Our study serves as a rich source of information about the phenotypic diversity and trajectory of circulating immune cells during pediatric sepsis.

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单细胞分辨率下小儿脓毒症免疫失调的情况

认识到免疫失调是脓毒症病理生理学的标志，白细胞引起了研究的主要关注。虽然成人和儿童脓毒症在临床上有所不同，但它们的免疫学划分仍然有限。单细胞技术促进了免疫特征的表征。我们通过分析六名脓毒症儿童（急性期和恢复期）和四名健康儿童的血液样本，在单细胞水平上描绘了小儿脓毒症的免疫学特征。对 16 个单细胞转录组数据集进行了分析，并与成人脓毒症数据集进行了比较。我们展示了中性粒细胞亚群和功能在急性期和恢复期之间的独特转变，以及抵抗素的调节作用。成人和儿童败血症之间的中性粒细胞特征具有可比性。先天样 CD4 T 细胞主要且独特地在小儿脓毒症急性期观察到。我们的研究是有关儿科败血症期间循环免疫细胞的表型多样性和轨迹的丰富信息来源。