Renal medullary carcinoma (RMC) is a rare and aggressive cancer that occurs in young individuals of African descent with sickle cell trait. Unlike renal cell carcinoma with a five-year overall survival rate of up to 77%, fewer than 5% of patients with RMC survive beyond 3 years with standard systemic therapies. RMC responds poorly to treatments effective for other renal malignancies. This highlights the urgent need for more effective therapeutic strategies for this lethal disease. This analysis focuses on all five patients with oligometastatic or oligoprogressive RMC treated at MD Anderson Cancer Center with radiotherapy, either as a standalone treatment or in combination with chemotherapy until June 2023. While the two patients that received radiotherapy alone ultimately succumbed to their disease, the three patients treated with definitive radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy achieved radiographic complete responses lasting more than 12 months after radiation and transitioned to post-chemotherapy surveillance. The findings underscore the potential utility of combining radiation and chemotherapy for the management of carefully selected patients with metastatic RMC.

中文翻译：

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放射治疗治疗肾髓样癌：多病例研究

肾髓质癌 (RMC) 是一种罕见的侵袭性癌症，发生在具有镰状细胞特征的非洲裔年轻人中。与五年总生存率高达 77% 的肾细胞癌不同，采用标准全身治疗后，只有不到 5% 的 RMC 患者能够存活超过 3 年。 RMC 对其他肾脏恶性肿瘤的有效治疗反应不佳。这凸显了这种致命疾病迫切需要更有效的治疗策略。本分析重点关注 2023 年 6 月之前在 MD 安德森癌症中心接受放射治疗的所有五名寡转移性或寡进展性 RMC 患者，无论是作为独立治疗还是与化疗联合治疗。虽然仅接受放射治疗的两名患者最终死于疾病，但3 名接受根治性放疗联合化疗的患者在放疗后取得了持续超过 12 个月的放射学完全缓解，并转入化疗后监测。研究结果强调了放疗和化疗联合治疗精心挑选的转移性 RMC 患者的潜在效用。