Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a technique that has gained popularity in various industrial sectors due to its high productivity and flexibility. However, the comprehension of cyclic deformation and fatigue behaviors in WAAM austenitic stainless steel (SS), particularly under complex multiaxial loading conditions, is much less advanced compared to conventional manufacturing methods. This study aims to fill some of these gaps by performing fatigue tests of WAAM 308L SS under axial, torsional and axial–torsional multiaxial loadings. Similar tests were carried out on the hot-rolled 308L SS as a basis for comparison. WAAM 308L SS exhibits notable distinctions in cyclic deformation, fatigue life, cracking mode and fatigue failure mechanisms compared to its hot-rolled counterparts as a result of its distinct manufacturing technologies and resulting microstructures. To assess all fatigue life data, three critical plane criteria, namely FS, SWT and CXH criteria, were employed. The CXH model, which considers the effects of both tensile and shear damage on fatigue properties, has the ability to predict the fatigue life of both hot-rolled and WAAM 308L SS.

中文翻译：

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308L不锈钢丝电弧增材制造的多轴低周疲劳行为及寿命预测

电弧增材制造 (WAAM) 技术因其高生产率和灵活性而在各个工业领域广受欢迎。然而，与传统制造方法相比，对 WAAM 奥氏体不锈钢 (SS) 循环变形和疲劳行为的理解，特别是在复杂的多轴载荷条件下，还远远不够先进。本研究旨在通过在轴向、扭转和轴向扭转多轴载荷下对 WAAM 308L SS 进行疲劳测试来填补其中一些空白。对热轧308L不锈钢进行了类似的试验，作为比较的基础。由于其独特的制造技术和由此产生的微观结构，WAAM 308L SS 与热轧同类产品相比，在循环变形、疲劳寿命、开裂模式和疲劳失效机制方面表现出显着差异。为了评估所有疲劳寿命数据，采用了三个关键平面标准，即 FS、SWT 和 CXH 标准。 CXH 模型考虑了拉伸和剪切损伤对疲劳性能的影响，能够预测热轧和 WAAM 308L SS 的疲劳寿命。