Grade retention decisions are high-risk because this practice can significantly affect students' academic and professional path and their socioaffective development. This study aimed to contribute to a better understanding of second-grade retention decision-making by exploring the factors the professionals consider during the retention decision-making, their beliefs about the effectiveness of grade retention, and their cognitive decision-making style. The study sets in Portugal, where second-grade retention is a common practice. One hundred ninety-four teachers answered an online questionnaire developed for this purpose. Path analysis results suggested that teachers' beliefs and decision-making styles served as a filter, defining what factors they consider relevant or not to make grade retention decisions. Intuitive experiences seem to inform teachers' grade-retention decisions, especially when they believe retention is essential for students' success.

中文翻译：

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二年级记忆力：信念、决策风格以及决策过程中涉及的因素

保留成绩的决定是高风险的，因为这种做法会显着影响学生的学术和职业道路及其社会情感发展。本研究旨在通过探讨专业人士在保留决策过程中考虑的因素、他们对保留年级有效性的信念以及他们的认知决策风格，帮助更好地理解二年级保留决策。这项研究以葡萄牙为背景，那里二年级留级是一种常见的做法。一百九十四名教师回答了为此目的开发的在线调查问卷。路径分析结果表明，教师的信念和决策风格起到了过滤器的作用，定义了他们认为哪些因素与做出保留成绩的决定相关或不相关。直觉经验似乎可以帮助教师做出保留成绩的决定，特别是当他们认为保留对于学生的成功至关重要时。