Generative approaches to syntactic control have traditionally viewed it as a distinct component of the grammar, one that governs the interpretation and distribution of the empty category (EC) PRO. However, the Movement Theory of Control (MTC) proposes that control should instead be conceived of as a form of raising, with both sentence types involving the EC DP/NP Trace. In addition to theoretical arguments, some behavioral research on antecedent reactivation has demonstrated that different ECs reactivate their antecedents to different degrees and at different points in the time course of comprehension. In this study, we used a cross-modal repetition priming paradigm to examine antecedent reactivation in Brazilian Portuguese. We found significantly greater activation at the gap position in raising sentences and in those with overt pronouns as compared to (exhaustive) control sentences, consistent with the standard account of raising and the traditional view of control as involving a distinct EC. Additionally, we found some evidence for a differentiation between exhaustive and partial control structures. Overall, our results suggest that 1) similar linguistic mechanisms are employed in the processing of sentences that involve overt pronouns and DP/NP traces, and 2) different mechanisms are employed in the processing of raising and control structures, a finding we view as inconsistent with the MTC.

中文翻译：

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处理巴西葡萄牙语中饲养和控制之间的分离

句法控制的生成方法传统上将其视为语法的一个独特组成部分，控制语法的解释和分配。空类别（EC）PRO。然而，M发酵时间的理论C控制(MTC) 建议，控制应被视为一种提高形式，两种句子类型都涉及 EC DP/NP T种族。除了理论论证之外，一些关于先行词重新激活的行为研究表明，不同的 EC 会在理解时间过程中的不同时间点以不同的程度重新激活其先行词。在这项研究中，我们使用跨模态重复启动范式来检查巴西葡萄牙语中先行词的重新激活。我们发现，与（详尽的）控制句子相比，提升句子和带有明显代词的句子中间隙位置的激活明显更大，这与提升的标准解释和涉及不同 EC 的传统控制观点一致。此外，我们还发现了一些区分详尽控制结构和部分控制结构的证据。总体而言，我们的结果表明：1）在涉及显性代词和 DP/NP 痕迹的句子的处理中采用了类似的语言机制，2）在提升和控制结构的处理中采用了不同的机制，我们认为这一发现不一致与 MTC。