This paper presents an approach to the study of European Iron Age ethnicity, a core topic for several decades which has begun to lose interest in the last years. A review of some of the uncertainties involved in the archaeology of ethnicity, focused on several key issues, is proposed. Moreover, some relevant topics that are usually undermined are suggested in order to address new challenges in the discipline: the introduction of political identity as a major focus of study, the reassessment of the etic perspective as an inner part of processes of collective differentiation, or the need for a holistic approach to join and combine different forms of expression. Finally, these approaches will be explored in a case study based on the northwest of the Iberian peninsula. This region has been chosen because of the feasibility of combining the results of different studies about social and political organizsation with relevant textual evidence to extract information about their ethnic dynamics.

中文翻译：

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文本、政治和身份：铁器时代种族的新挑战。来自伊比利亚西北部的案例

本文提出了一种研究欧洲铁器时代种族的方法，这是几十年来的核心主题，但近年来开始失去兴趣。建议对种族考古学中涉及的一些不确定性进行回顾，重点关注几个关键问题。此外，为了应对学科中的新挑战，提出了一些通常被破坏的相关主题：引入政治身份作为研究的主要焦点，重新评估作为集体分化过程的内部部分的伦理观点，或需要采取整体方法来加入和组合不同的表达形式。最后，将在伊比利亚半岛西北部的案例研究中探讨这些方法。选择该地区是因为可以将有关社会和政治组织的不同研究结果与相关文本证据相结合，以提取有关其种族动态的信息。