Formation of exotic topological states on technologically important semiconductor substrate is significant from the aspects of both fundamental research and practical implementation. Here, we demonstrate one-dimensional (1D) topological phase and tunable soliton states in atomic nanolines self-assembled on Si(001) surface. By first-principles calculations and tight-binding modeling, we reveal that Bi nanolines provide an ideal system to realize a multi-orbital Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH) model, and the electronic properties can be modulated by substrate-orbital-filtering effect. The topological features are confirmed by nontrivial end states for a finite-length nanoline and (anti-)soliton states at the boundary of two topologically distinct phases. We demonstrate that solitons are highly mobile on the surface, and their formation could be controlled by surface B/N doping. As these nanolines can extend several micrometers long without kinks, and quantum transport simulations suggest clear signatures of topological states characterized by transmission resonance peaks, our work paves an avenue to achieve 1D topological phase compatible with semiconductor technology and to engineer the properties with high tunability and fidelity for quantum information processing.

从基础研究和实际实现的角度来看，在技术上重要的半导体衬底上形成奇异拓扑态具有重要意义。在这里，我们展示了 Si(001) 表面自组装原子纳米线中的一维 (1D) 拓扑相和可调孤子态。通过第一性原理计算和紧束缚建模，我们揭示了Bi纳米线提供了实现多轨道Su-Schrieffer-Heeger（SSH）模型的理想系统，并且电子特性可以通过基底轨道过滤效应进行调节。有限长度纳米线的非平凡终态和两个拓扑不同相边界的（反）孤子态证实了拓扑特征。我们证明孤子在表面上具有高度的移动性，并且它们的形成可以通过表面 B/N 掺杂来控制。由于这些纳米线可以在没有扭结的情况下延伸几微米长，并且量子传输模拟表明以传输共振峰为特征的拓扑态的清晰特征，因此我们的工作为实现与半导体技术兼容的一维拓扑相以及设计具有高可调性和高稳定性的特性铺平了道路。量子信息处理的保真度。