Abstract—

The structure, microhardness, and tribological properties of coatings obtained in the process of surfacing of powder mixtures by an electron beam ejected into an air atmosphere are studied. For surfacing, we used a powder mixture containing amorphous boron and a wetting component, the role of which was played by Fe, Cr and Ni powder particles. The function of protecting the molten material from the air atmosphere was performed by MgF₂ flux. The thickness of the formed coatings reached 2.3–2.8 mm. The maximum level of microhardness of coatings reaches ~1500 HV. The main mechanism of hardening of such is due to the presence in the material of up to 90% (volume) particles of the hardening phase. It is shown that chromium borides Cr₂B and (Fe,Cr)₂B play the role of a hardening phase in the γ-phase (Ni, Fe solid solution). Chromium is contained in the alloying powder mixture and the base material. During the cladding process, chromium diffuses and forms borides. This process occurs due to the greater affinity of chromium for boron than nickel and iron. It has been established that chromium containing coatings have maximum wear resistance under various abrasive conditions. The wear resistance of coatings increased by 5 times compared to stainless steel 12Х18Н9T under friction with fixed abrasive particles. The wear resistance of hardened layers under conditions of gas and hydroabrasive action at low angles of attack (15°, 20°) increased by 6 and 2 times, respectively.

中文翻译：

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硼合金不锈钢表层的组织和耐磨耗性能

摘要-

研究了通过喷射到空气中的电子束对粉末混合物进行堆焊的过程中获得的涂层的结构、显微硬度和摩擦学性能。对于堆焊，我们使用了含有无定形硼和润湿成分的粉末混合物，其作用由铁、铬和镍粉末颗粒发挥。保护熔融材料免受空气影响的功能由MgF ₂助熔剂执行。形成的涂层厚度达到2.3-2.8毫米。涂层显微硬度最高可达~1500 HV。其硬化的主要机制是由于材料中存在高达 90%（体积）的硬化相颗粒。结果表明，硼化铬Cr ₂ B和(Fe,Cr) ₂ B在γ相(Ni、Fe固溶体)中起到硬化相的作用。合金粉末混合物和基材中含有铬。在熔覆过程中，铬扩散并形成硼化物。该过程的发生是由于铬对硼的亲和力比镍和铁更大。已经确定含铬涂层在各种磨损条件下具有最大的耐磨性。与不锈钢12Х18Н9T相比，涂层在固定磨粒摩擦下的耐磨性提高了5倍。硬化层在低攻角（15°、20°）气体和水力磨料作用条件下的耐磨性分别提高了6倍和2倍。