Arid and semi-arid lands (drylands) are under the influence of extreme environmental conditions and cover large areas on Earth’s land surface. Determining temporal and spatial variations of the greenhouse gas and energy exchange in these ecosystems will provide a better understanding of both, the dynamics between the drylands’s surface and the atmosphere and the importance in climate change. In this study, CO₂ exchanges over a shrub steppe ecosystem were determined using the Eddy Covariance method during both dry and wet growing seasons in the Gobi Desert, Mongolia. The net ecosystem exchange (NEE) was modeled using the extreme gradient boosting method (XGBOOST). Variables influencing NEE were estimated employing the SHapley Additive exPlanations algorithm (SHAP). The XGBOOST predictions demonstrated impressive results across all growing seasons, with high performance metrics (R² = 0.821; NSE = 0.817), particularly notable during the wet season (R² = 0.932; NSE = 0.929). The total NEE changed between 79.7 and -110.4 gC m⁻² throughout the growing seasons. Especially the precipitation before the growing period has a positive impact on carbon sequestration in the shrub ecosystem in the following dry season. A high similarity was found in the patterns of daily NEE of all growing seasons and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), albedo, soil water content, temperature, sensible heat flux, the difference between air and soil temperature in desert shrub ecosystem. Although NDVI was the dominant factor during the wet season, there was a weaker relationship between these factors and NEE in the dry season than in the wet season.

干旱和半干旱地区（旱地）受到极端环境条件的影响，覆盖了地球陆地表面的大面积区域。确定这些生态系统中温室气体和能量交换的时间和空间变化将有助于更好地了解旱地表面和大气之间的动态以及气候变化的重要性。在这项研究中，利用涡度协方差法测定了蒙古戈壁沙漠干旱和潮湿生长季节期间灌木草原生态系统的CO _2交换。使用极端梯度提升方法（XGBOOST）对净生态系统交换（NEE）进行建模。使用 SHapley Additive exPlanations 算法 (SHAP) 估计影响 NEE 的变量。XGBOOST 预测在所有生长季节都显示出令人印象深刻的结果，具有较高的性能指标（R ²  = 0.821；NSE = 0.817），特别是在雨季（R ²  = 0.932；NSE = 0.929）。整个生长季节总NEE在79.7和-110.4 gC m ^{-2之间变化。}尤其是生长期前的降水对接下来的旱季灌木生态系统的固碳具有积极的影响。荒漠灌丛生态系统各生长季日NEE和归一化植被指数(NDVI)、反照率、土壤含水量、温度、感热通量、空气与土壤温差的变化规律高度相似。虽然NDVI是雨季的主导因素，但这些因素与NEE之间的关系在旱季比雨季弱。