Abstract

The study of collapse in archaeology and history has continued to grow and develop in the last decade and is a respectable target of investigation in and beyond these fields. Environmental determinism and apocalyptic narratives have become less acceptable and collapsology has matured into a more nuanced, self-critical, and sophisticated field. This review explores recent work on collapse in archaeology between 2012 and 2023. It demonstrates how collapse, and associated concepts such as resilience, fragility, and vulnerability, are studied in the light of present-day threats, how collapse studies are increasingly recognized to have application in the present day, where they can contribute to discourses of resilience and sustainable development, and shows the diversity present in collapse studies. It also discusses the language and concepts of collapse. I explore these areas with reference to general works on collapse and to six specific historical episodes of collapse: Old World collapse, eastern Mediterranean collapse, the Western and Eastern Roman Empires, the Classic Maya, Tiwanaku, and Rapa Nui.

中文翻译：

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2012年至2023年考古学塌陷研究

摘要

考古学和历史学中对塌陷的研究在过去十年中持续增长和发展，并且是这些领域内外值得尊敬的研究目标。环境决定论和世界末日叙事已变得越来越不被接受，而塌陷学已成熟为一个更加细致、自我批评和复杂的领域。这篇综述探讨了 2012 年至 2023 年间考古学中崩塌的最新工作。它展示了如何根据当今的威胁来研究崩塌以及相关概念，如复原力、脆弱性和脆弱性，以及崩塌研究如何越来越被认为具有在当今的应用中，它们可以为复原力和可持续发展的讨论做出贡献，并显示了崩溃研究中存在的多样性。它还讨论了崩溃的语言和概念。我参考了关于崩溃的一般著作和六个具体的崩溃历史事件来探索这些领域：旧世界崩溃、东地中海崩溃、东西罗马帝国、古典玛雅、蒂亚瓦纳库和拉帕努伊。