Anthropogenic activities generate increasing disturbance in wildlife especially in extreme environments where species have to cope with rapid environmental changes. In Antarctica, while studies on human disturbance have mostly focused on stress response through physiological and behavioral changes, local variability in population dynamics has been addressed more scarcely. In addition, the mechanisms by which breeding communities are affected around research stations remain unclear. Our study aims at pointing out the fine-scale impact of human infrastructures on the spatial variability in Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) colonies dynamics. Taking 24 years of population monitoring, we modeled colony breeding success and growth rate in response to both anthropic and land-based environmental variables. Building density around colonies was the second most important variable explaining spatial variability in breeding success after distance from skua nests, the main predators of penguins on land. Building density was positively associated with penguins breeding success. We discuss how buildings may protect penguins from avian predation and environmental conditions. The drivers of colony growth rate included topographical variables and the distance to human infrastructures. A strong correlation between 1-year lagged growth rate and colony breeding success was coherent with the use of public information by penguins to select their initial breeding site. Overall, our study brings new insights about the relative contribution and ecological implications of human presence on the local population dynamics of a sentinel species in Antarctica.

人类活动对野生动物造成越来越多的干扰，尤其是在物种必须应对快速环境变化的极端环境中。在南极洲，虽然对人类干扰的研究主要集中在生理和行为变化引起的压力反应上，但人口动态的局部变异性却很少得到解决。此外，研究站周围繁殖群落受到影响的机制仍不清楚。我们的研究旨在指出人类基础设施对阿德利企鹅（ Pygoscelis adeliae ）群体动态空间变异性的精细影响。通过 24 年的种群监测，我们根据人类和陆地环境变量模拟了蜂群繁殖成功率和增长率。群体周围的建筑密度是解释繁殖成功率空间变异性的第二个最重要的变量，仅次于距贼鸥巢（陆地企鹅的主要捕食者）的距离。建筑密度与企鹅繁殖成功呈正相关。我们讨论建筑物如何保护企鹅免受鸟类捕食和环境条件的影响。群体增长率的驱动因素包括地形变量和距人类基础设施的距离。一年滞后增长率与群体繁殖成功之间存在很强的相关性，这与企鹅利用公共信息选择其初始繁殖地点是一致的。总的来说，我们的研究带来了关于人类存在对南极洲哨兵物种当地种群动态的相对贡献和生态影响的新见解。