We explore the long‐run determinants of current differences in the degree of co‐operative labour relations at the local level. We do this by estimating the effect of the medieval communes –that were established in certain cities in Centre‐Northern Italy towards the end of the 11th century – and that contributed to the emergence of a co‐operative attitude in the population on various proxies for current co‐operative labour relations. Conditional on a large set of firm and municipality level controls, as well as a full set of province fixed effects, we find that firms located in municipalities that had been a free medieval commune in the past have higher current probabilities to adopt two‐tier bargaining structures and to be unionized. We also report instrumental variables (IV) and propensity score estimates that confirm our main results.

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论合作性产业和劳动关系的出现

我们探讨了当前地方层面合作劳动关系程度差异的长期决定因素。我们通过估计中世纪公社的影响来做到这一点——这些公社于 11 世纪末在意大利中北部的某些城市建立——并促成了人们对各种代表的合作态度的出现。目前的合作劳动关系。以大量公司和市级控制以及全套省固定效应为条件，我们发现位于过去曾是自由中世纪公社的市的公司目前采用双层讨价还价的可能性更高结构并加入工会。我们还报告了工具变量（IV）和倾向得分估计，以证实我们的主要结果。