Triple-negative breast cancer develops from malignant cells within the interior lining of milk ducts or, less frequently, in the stromal tissues and accounts for ≈15% of all breast cancers. Breast cancer is highly prevalent with the overall number of cases expected to reach 27.78 million by 2040, according to the World Health Organization. MiRNAs serve a novel role in management of breast cancer through their ability to indirectly control the translation of coding mRNA and regulate the expression of specific genes, which allows it to play a significant role in cancer therapeutics. However, inherent characteristics of miRNA including rapid clearance via renal excretion, degradation by nucleases in plasma, and additional factors limit its clinical application. To reduce these limitations, miRNA can be administered in conjunction small molecules with nanocarriers, which then allow it to impart its benefits including inhibition of epithelial–mesenchymal transitions, and inhibiting tumor angiogenesis. This review highlights the current application of nanocarrier-based delivery approach of miRNA/siRNA for triple negative breast cancer treatment.

中文翻译：

---

含有 RNAi 的纳米载体用于治疗三阴性乳腺癌的临床和转化机会

三阴性乳腺癌由乳管内壁或间质组织内的恶性细胞发展而来，约占所有乳腺癌的 15%。据世界卫生组织称，乳腺癌非常普遍，到 2040 年，乳腺癌病例总数预计将达到 2778 万。 miRNA 通过间接控制编码 mRNA 的翻译和调节特定基因的表达的能力，在乳腺癌治疗中发挥着新的作用，这使其在癌症治疗中发挥重要作用。然而，miRNA 的固有特性，包括通过肾排泄快速清除、血浆中核酸酶降解等其他因素限制了其临床应用。为了减少这些限制，miRNA 可以与小分子和纳米载体结合使用，从而使其发挥其益处，包括抑制上皮-间质转化和抑制肿瘤血管生成。本综述重点介绍了目前基于纳米载体的 miRNA/siRNA 递送方法在三阴性乳腺癌治疗中的应用。