Nowadays, the growing need for energy has led to an increasing use of fossil fuels, the issue leading to the devastating environmental effects, including global warming. Thus, the requirement of renewable technologies, particularly photovoltaic systems under such conditions is felt more than ever, which would result in reducing the environmental pollution. As a result, in the present research, a model is proposed for sustainable photovoltaic supply chain management. The considered innovations encompass pricing decisions using the Stackelberg model, considering the quality for return products, and fuzzy uncertainty. The question objectives are minimizing the photovoltaic supply chain’s costs, minimizing the adverse environmental effects, and managing social responsibility in the supply chain. The proposed model or using multi-objective weed algorithm and robust optimization approaches have been solved and the results suggest that as the demand increases, the environmental effects increase in both scenarios. Besides, the environmental effects of a boom scenario outweigh the costs of the bust scenario. Also, as the production costs increase, the environmental effects in both scenarios get down. Also, the boom scenario induced environmental effects outweigh the costs of a bust scenario. For instance, by the production cost increase up to 20%, the photovoltaic chain costs in the boom and bust scenario correspond to 86712 and 72912, respectively. Conversely, rising production costs lead to a decline in environmental impacts, and the boom scenario exhibits greater environmental effects compared to the bust scenario. Additionally, higher demand correlates with increased environmental effects for both scenarios, with the boom scenario consistently surpassing the environmental impacts of the bust scenario.

中文翻译：

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考虑稳健模糊定价和优化的可持续光伏系统供应链设计

如今，对能源需求的不断增长导致化石燃料的使用不断增加，这一问题导致了破坏性的环境影响，包括全球变暖。因此，人们比以往任何时候都更需要可再生技术，特别是在这种条件下的光伏系统，这将导致减少环境污染。因此，在本研究中，提出了可持续光伏供应链管理的模型。所考虑的创新包括使用 Stackelberg 模型的定价决策，考虑退货产品的质量和模糊不确定性。问题的目标是最小化光伏供应链的成本、最小化对环境的不利影响以及管理供应链中的社会责任。所提出的模型或使用多目标杂草算法和鲁棒优化方法已经得到解决，结果表明，随着需求的增加，两种情况下的环境影响都会增加。此外，繁荣情景对环境的影响超过了萧条情景的成本。此外，随着生产成本的增加，这两种情况对环境的影响都会下降。此外，繁荣情景引起的环境影响超过了萧条情景的成本。例如，当生产成本增加20%时，繁荣和萧条情景下的光伏链成本分别对应86712和72912。相反，生产成本上升导致环境影响下降，繁荣情景比萧条情景表现出更大的环境影响。此外，更高的需求与两种情景中环境影响的增加相关，繁荣情景的环境影响始终超过萧条情景的环境影响。