The treatment and recycling of discarded crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules (c-Si PV modules) has become a research focus, but few research have paid attention to the standardized treatment of c-Si PV module’s fluorinated backsheet. Improper management of fluorinated backsheet can pose ecological and human health risks. Therefore, this study presents a novel method for processing the backsheet. The proposed approach entailed the utilization of ethanol (CHCHOH) to separate the backsheet from the PV module. Subsequently, the separated backsheet underwent decomposition using an alkaline ethanol (NaOH-CHCHOH) solution. Finally, the backsheet was recovered in the form of terephthalic acid (TPA) with a purity of 97.47 %. This recovered TPA can then serve as a valuable raw material for producing new backsheets, fostering a closed-loop material circulation. Experimental results demonstrate that immersing the PV module in a 75 % CHCHOH-HO solution at a temperature of 343 K for 30 min achieved 100 % separation of the backsheet. Furthermore, subjecting the separated backsheet to a 60 min reaction in an NaOH-CHCHOH solution with a temperature of 343 K and a NaOH concentration of 1.0 mol/L achieved complete decomposition. The reaction mechanism was analyzed through characterization methods such as SEM/EDS, NMR, FTIR and XRD. This method is efficient, non-toxic organic reagent-free and environmentally friendly, so it holds significant potential for further development in the field of c-Si PV module recycling.

中文翻译：

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乙醇绿色分离分解晶体硅光伏组件背板

废弃晶体硅光伏组件（晶硅光伏组件）的处理和回收已成为研究热点，但很少有研究关注晶硅光伏组件氟化背板的标准化处理。氟化背板管理不当可能会造成生态和人类健康风险。因此，本研究提出了一种加工背板的新方法。所提出的方法需要利用乙醇（CH2CH3OH）将背板与光伏组件分离。随后，使用碱性乙醇(NaOH-CH2CH2OH)溶液对分离的背板进行分解。最后，背板以对苯二甲酸（TPA）的形式回收，纯度为97.47%。这种回收的 TPA 可以作为生产新背板的宝贵原材料，促进闭环材料循环。实验结果表明，将光伏组件浸入 343 K 温度下的 75% CH2CH3OH-H2O 溶液中 30 分钟，实现了背板 100% 的分离。此外，将分离后的背板在温度343K、NaOH浓度1.0mol/L的NaOH-CH2CH3OH溶液中反应60min，实现完全分解。通过SEM/EDS、NMR、FTIR和XRD等表征方法分析了反应机理。该方法高效、无毒、无需有机试剂且环境友好，在晶硅光伏组件回收领域具有进一步发展的巨大潜力。