Abstract: The link between childhood maltreatment and mood disorders is complex and involves multiple bio-psycho-social factors that affect multiple molecular pathways. The present narrative review aims to clarify the current understanding of the impact of childhood maltreatment on biomarkers in patients with mood disorders and their first-degree relatives. Neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, and hormones (eg the stress hormone cortisol), play a crucial role in regulating mood and emotion. Childhood maltreatment can alter and affect the levels and functioning of these neurotransmitters in the brain; further, childhood maltreatment can lead to structural and connectivity changes in the brain, hence contributing to the development of mood disorders and moderating illness presentation and modifying response to treatments. Childhood maltreatment information, therefore, appears mandatory in treatment planning and is a critical factor in therapeutic algorithms. Further research is needed to fully understand these pathways and develop new treatment modalities for individuals with mood disorders who have experienced childhood maltreatment and effective preventive interventions for individuals at risk of developing mood disorders.

Keywords: biomarkers, childhood maltreatment, mood disorders, biosignatures, biotype


中文翻译：

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挣扎也可以表现在内心：关于童年虐待对情绪障碍生物标志物影响的最新认识

摘要：儿童虐待与情绪障碍之间的联系很复杂，涉及影响多种分子途径的多种生物心理社会因素。本叙述性综述旨在澄清目前对儿童虐待对情绪障碍患者及其一级亲属生物标志物影响的理解。神经递质，如血清素、多巴胺、去甲肾上腺素和激素（如应激激素皮质醇），在调节情绪和情绪方面发挥着至关重要的作用。童年虐待会改变和影响大脑中这些神经递质的水平和功能；此外，儿童期虐待可能导致大脑结构和连通性变化，从而导致情绪障碍的发展，缓解疾病表现并改变对治疗的反应。因此，儿童虐待信息在治疗计划中似乎是强制性的，并且是治疗算法中的关键因素。需要进一步的研究来充分了解这些途径，并为经历过童年虐待的情绪障碍患者开发新的治疗方式，并为有患情绪障碍风险的个体制定有效的预防干预措施。

关键词：生物标志物，儿童虐待，情绪障碍，生物特征，生物型