This paper provides a case study of the grammaticalization of ‘do’ as a support verb in the northern Italian dialect of Camuno. It demonstrates the relative compatibility of fa ‘do’ with different semantic types of supported verbs through the results of an elicitation experiment. A comparison of results from adjacent dialects reveals a series of progressively more grammaticalized forms with three stages: ‘pragmatic’ ‘do’-support, largely restricted to agentive-subject, activity verbs, where question type depends mainly on the pragmatics; ‘agentive’ ‘do’-support, where use with that core group of verbs is largely categorial, and there is more use with theme-subject, change-of-state verbs and a few experiencer-subject, stative verbs; and ‘generalized’ ‘do’-support where optionality remains only with the most resistant stative verbs. Along with loss of lexical content in ‘do’, comes a reduction in salience of the special question meaning. Furthermore, a question with lexical fa ‘do’ (in an optional FS dialect) implies physical evidence exists to determine the truth of a proposition. In a question with bleached fa ‘do’ (in an obligatory FS dialect) the connection to reality has been lost leaving only the implication, and fa ‘do’ has then become an epistemic modal.

中文翻译：

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意大利北部卡穆诺方言中“do”支持动词的语法化和语法意义

本文提供了意大利北部卡穆诺方言中“do”作为支持动词语法化的案例研究。它证明了相对兼容性F A通过启发实验的结果，使用支持动词的不同语义类型来“做”。相邻方言结果的比较揭示了一系列逐渐语法化的形式，分为三个阶段：“语用”“do”支持，主要限于施动主语、活动动词，其中问题类型主要取决于语用；“主动”“做”支持，与核心动词组的使用很大程度上是范畴性的，并且更多地与主题主语、状态变化动词和一些体验者主语、静态动词一起使用；和“广义”“做”支持，其中选择性仅保留在最具抵抗力的静态动词上。随着“do”中词汇内容的丢失，特殊问题含义的显着性也随之降低。另外，还有一个词汇问题F A“do”（可选的 FS 方言）意味着存在物理证据来确定命题的真实性。在一个漂白的问题中F A“do”（强制性 FS 方言）与现实的联系已经消失，只剩下暗示，并且F A于是“do”就成为了一种认知情态。