We investigate the determinants and over time patterns of perceptions toward wife beating from 2012 to 2018 in Pakistan. We use two waves of the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey that include ever-married women and men aged 15 to 49 (12,607 women and 3052 men in 2012 and 11,543 women and 3055 men in 2018). Education, employment, wealth, and region influence attitudes toward wife beating. While women are generally more tolerant toward wife beating than men, the presence of a family member during the interview further increased their tolerance toward wife beating. Wife beating support has increased over time among women whose interviews were overheard and men. Additionally, households with joint decision-making have a lower tolerance toward wife beating, even lower than households where the wife is the main decision-maker.

中文翻译：

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巴基斯坦对殴打妻子的态度：不同性别的长期比较趋势

我们调查了 2012 年至 2018 年巴基斯坦对殴打妻子的看法的决定因素和随时间变化的模式。我们使用了两轮巴基斯坦人口和健康调查，其中包括 15 岁至 49 岁的已婚女性和男性（2012 年为 12,607 名女性和 3052 名男性，2018 年为 11,543 名女性和 3055 名男性）。教育、就业、财富和地区影响对殴打妻子的态度。虽然女性通常比男性更能容忍殴打妻子，但访谈期间家庭成员的在场进一步增加了她们对殴打妻子的容忍度。随着时间的推移，采访被偷听的女性和男性对殴打妻子的支持有所增加。此外，共同决策的家庭对殴打妻子的容忍度较低，甚至低于妻子作为主要决策者的家庭。