The article investigates the impact of crowd heterogeneities on stair evacuation dynamics in high-rise building. Using a fine discrete floor field cellular automaton () model, the study explores the often-overlooked influence of crowd variations in mobility and behaviors. The simulation, set in a 21-story staircase, incorporates variations in speeds and boundary layer widths to replicate the heterogenous crowd dynamics. Key findings reveal that the heterogenous group, considering speed variations, exhibit prolonged stair evacuation time, with children and elderly individuals finishing last. Interactions among individuals with different mobilities lead to a 24.1% blocking effect on young adults' evacuation, while young adults enhance the evacuation of children and elderly by 19.0% and 23.8%, respectively. Children on the inner side of stairs lag behind due to the boundary layer, and the entire heterogeneous crowd's evacuation time decreases by 7.0%, highlighting the efficiency boost from boundary layers. A robust linear correlation is identified between specific outflow and the average desired speed for the heterogeneous group, with a consistent density of 0.46ped/m near the exit. The proposed model's validity is supported by trajectories consistent with prior observations and empirical data from homogenous crowd evacuation. The study advances our understanding of evacuation behaviors in heterogenous crowds within high-rise buildings during emergencies.

中文翻译：

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使用精细离散地板场元胞自动机模型对高层建筑楼梯上的异质人群疏散进行建模：考虑速度和边界层变化

本文研究了人群异质性对高层建筑楼梯疏散动态的影响。该研究使用精细的离散地板场元胞自动机 () 模型，探讨了人群变化对流动性和行为的经常被忽视的影响。该模拟以 21 层楼梯为背景，结合了速度和边界层宽度的变化来复制异质人群动态。主要研究结果表明，考虑到速度变化，异质组表现出较长的楼梯疏散时间，儿童和老年人最后完成。不同流动性个体之间的相互作用对青壮年疏散产生24.1%的阻碍作用，而青壮年对儿童和老人的疏散作用分别增强19.0%和23.8%。楼梯内侧的儿童由于边界层的影响而滞后，整个异质人群的疏散时间减少了7.0%，凸显了边界层对效率的提升。在异质组的具体流出量和平均所需速度之间发现了稳健的线性相关性，出口附近的密度一致为 0.46ped/m。与先前观察结果一致的轨迹和同质人群疏散的经验数据支持了所提出模型的有效性。这项研究增进了我们对紧急情况下高层建筑内异质人群疏散行为的理解。