The emergence of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals has instigated a transformative phase in policy formulation, emphasizing the multifaceted approach required to attain these objectives. Central to this pursuit is the management of diverse goals and their intricate interactions. This paper rigorously examines the pivotal role of institutional transparency in the nexus between energy transition and income inequality across 127 countries from 2012 to 2020, within the framework of the Sustainable Development Goals. The estimated results from the non‐balanced panel threshold model suggest the existence of a threshold effect of institutional transparency in the impact of energy transition on income inequality. On the whole, the process of energy transition has had a detrimental effect on income inequality, with institutional transparency serving to moderate it. When institutional transparency falls within the first regime (lnCPI ≤3.3322), the second regime (3.3322 < lnCPI <4.3041), and the third regime (lnCPI >4.3041), a 1% increase in the proportion of renewable energy consumption results in average increases in disposable income inequality of 0.0165%, 0.0143%, and 0.0128%, respectively. This suggests that institutional transparency has a positive moderating effect on the detrimental impact of energy transition on disposable income inequality. However, this result does not hold true for market income inequality. Additionally, there is an “inverted U‐shaped” relationship between economic growth and income inequality, indicating the negative impact of energy transition on income inequality would be offset by its contribution to economic growth.

中文翻译：

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弥合能源转型和收入不平等：制度透明度的调节作用

联合国可持续发展目标的出现引发了政策制定的变革阶段，强调实现这些目标所需的多方面方法。这一追求的核心是对不同目标的管理及其复杂的相互作用。本文在可持续发展目标的框架内，严格审视了 2012 年至 2020 年 127 个国家的制度透明度在能源转型与收入不平等之间关系中的关键作用。非平衡面板阈值模型的估计结果表明，能源转型对收入不平等的影响存在制度透明度的阈值效应。总体而言，能源转型过程对收入不平等产生了不利影响，而制度透明度则起到了缓和的作用。当制度透明度处于第一制度（lnCPI≤3.3322）、第二制度（3.3322<lnCPI<4.3041）和第三制度（lnCPI>4.3041）时，可再生能源消费比重每增加1%，平均增加可支配收入不平等分别为 0.0165%、0.0143% 和 0.0128%。这表明制度透明度对能源转型对可支配收入不平等的不利影响具有积极的调节作用。然而，这个结果并不适用于市场收入不平等。此外，经济增长与收入不平等之间存在“倒U型”关系，表明能源转型对收入不平等的负面影响会被其对经济增长的贡献所抵消。