The process of upsetting the initial blank of a railway wheel between smooth dies was studied. Finite element modeling demonstrated that substantial vertical deformation (75–77%) and the application of rolling lubricant result in a complete correction of the out-of-roundness of the initial blanks, measuring up to 5 mm. The results of the study can be used to implement the production of stamped-rolled railway wheels using a two-stage technology of stamping a blank for rolling on a press-rolling line.

中文翻译：

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铁路车轮毛坯镦粗不圆度研究

研究了在光滑模具之间镦粗铁路车轮初始毛坯的过程。有限元模型表明，大量的垂直变形 (75-77%) 和滚动润滑剂的应用可以完全校正初始毛坯的不圆度，测量值高达 5 毫米。研究结果可用于利用在压延线上冲压毛坯的两阶段技术来生产冲压轧制铁路车轮。