In recent years, the exploration of underwater environments has seen a significant rise in research focus, particularly in the context of the Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT). This has led to the development of underwater things, which enable the examination and monitoring of previously unknown underwater exploration cases. However, these networks face several challenges, including the inefficiency of the underwater communication channel in terms of delay, reliability, and throughput, as well as the energy management of sensor nodes due to their reliance on batteries. Addressing these challenges is crucial for the implementation of suitable routing methods. This paper presents a novel end-to-end routing protocol that is both reliable and energy-aware, leveraging concepts of Fog computing and Software-Defined Networking (SDN) capabilities. The proposed method involves the collection of information related to underwater nodes by the network controller at different time intervals, enabling the calculation of the optimal path in terms of reliability and energy between underwater senders and Fog nodes. Subsequently, optimal paths are announced to underwater nodes, and data packets are exchanged between them and Fog nodes through these paths. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively reduces energy consumption in the network while increasing reliability.

近年来，对水下环境的探索研究重点显着增加，特别是在水下物联网（IoUT）的背景下。这导致了水下事物的发展，使得能够检查和监测以前未知的水下探索案例。然而，这些网络面临着一些挑战，包括水下通信信道在延迟、可靠性和吞吐量方面的低效，以及传感器节点由于依赖电池而导致的能量管理。解决这些挑战对于实施合适的路由方法至关重要。本文提出了一种新颖的端到端路由协议，该协议既可靠又节能，利用雾计算和软件定义网络（SDN）功能的概念。该方法涉及网络控制器在不同时间间隔收集与水下节点相关的信息，从而能够计算水下发送器和雾节点之间的可靠性和能量方面的最佳路径。随后，向水下节点宣布最佳路径，并通过这些路径在水下节点和雾节点之间交换数据包。仿真结果表明，该方法有效降低了网络能耗，同时提高了可靠性。