The high concentration of penicillin antibiotics in wastewater inhibits the function of biological treatment systems. In this study, we optimized the goethite (FeOOH)–Zn(II) system and used the hydrolysis pretreatment process for the selective removal of penicillin antibiotics from pharmaceutical wastewater. The results showed that penicillin antibiotics could be rapidly and completely hydrolyzed in 20 min with an FeOOH concentration of 500 mg/L and a zinc ions concentration of 30 μM, with a premixing time of 2 h at pH 8.2 and room temperature. The influence of cations on the system was found to be negligible, while phosphate and natural organic matter (NOM) had significant impacts on penicillin degradation, followed by that of bicarbonate. A mechanistic study suggested that these anions reduced the active sites of FeOOH–Zn(OH)₂ and affected the interaction between FeOOH and penicillin. Additionally, steric hindrance and hydrogen bond competition effects cannot be ignored. Furthermore, we proposed applying ferric chloride, which effectively pretreated the aforementioned interfering substances. Eventually, penicillin antibiotics were rapidly hydrolyzed in wastewater by the FeOOH–Zn(II) system effectively in 40 min. The findings in this study demonstrate that the proposed approach enhances the hydrolysis of penicillin antibiotics and may serve as a viable pretreatment technology for antibiotic wastewater.

中文翻译：

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针铁矿-Zn(II)体系快速水解选择性去除废水中的青霉素类抗生素

废水中高浓度的青霉素抗生素抑制了生物处理系统的功能。在本研究中，我们优化了针铁矿（FeOOH）-Zn（II）体系，并使用水解预处理工艺选择性去除制药废水中的青霉素抗生素。结果表明，在pH 8.2、室温下，FeOOH浓度为500 mg/L，锌离子浓度为30 μM，预混时间为2 h，青霉素类抗生素可在20 min内快速完全水解。研究发现，阳离子对系统的影响可以忽略不计，而磷酸盐和天然有机物（NOM）对青霉素的降解有显着影响，其次是碳酸氢盐。机理研究表明，这些阴离子减少了 FeOOH-Zn(OH) ₂的活性位点，影响了 FeOOH 与青霉素之间的相互作用。此外，空间位阻和氢键竞争效应也不容忽视。此外，我们建议使用氯化铁，有效地预处理上述干扰物质。最终，FeOOH-Zn(II)系统在40分钟内有效地快速水解废水中的青霉素抗生素。本研究的结果表明，所提出的方法增强了青霉素抗生素的水解，并且可以作为抗生素废水的可行预处理技术。