Adverse childhood Experiences (ACEs) are considered a major public health crisis. Protective and Compensatory Experiences (PACEs) may help to ameliorate the effects of ACEs on young adult well-being. This study examined the moderating role of childhood PACEs on the effects of ACEs on depression, anxiety, substance use, and emotion regulation (ER) difficulties in a sample of 550 (73% female, m age = 20 yrs.) undergraduate students. ACEs were associated with greater symptoms of anxiety and depression, substance use, and ER difficulties whereas PACEs were associated with fewer symptoms of depression and anxiety, substance use, and ER difficulties. Protective and compensatory experiences significantly moderated the relationship between ACEs and depression, such that greater PACEs weakened the relationship between ACES and depression. Protective and compensatory experiences did not significantly moderate relationships between ACEs and anxiety, substance use, or ER difficulties. These findings suggest PACEs promote adjustment in young adults and can buffer the deleterious effects of ACEs.

中文翻译：

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保护性和补偿性经历对年轻人心理健康和调整的促进和缓冲作用

不良童年经历（ACE）被认为是重大的公共卫生危机。保护性和补偿性体验 (PACE) 可能有助于改善 ACE 对年轻人福祉的影响。本研究以 550 名本科生（73% 为女性，男性年龄 = 20 岁）为样本，考察了童年 PACE 对抑郁、焦虑、物质使用和情绪调节 (ER) 困难的影响的调节作用。ACE 与较多的焦虑和抑郁、物质使用和 ER 困难症状相关，而 PACE 与较少的抑郁和焦虑、物质使用和 ER 困难症状相关。保护性和补偿性经历显着调节了 ACE 与抑郁之间的关系，因此较高的 PACE 会削弱 ACES 与抑郁之间的关系。保护性和补偿性经历并没有显着调节 ACE 与焦虑、药物滥用或急诊室困难之间的关系。这些发现表明 PACE 可以促进年轻人的调整，并可以缓冲 ACE 的有害影响。