This study investigated the tensile anisotropy of steel 316L fabricated via laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF), built at different orientations. Tensile tests were performed on as-built L-PBF specimens produced at 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 90° angles. The yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elasticity modulus experienced a decrease with an increasing build angle. Conversely, elongation at fracture increased as the build angle increased. The Elasticity modulus was found to be substantially lower than the nominal values reported in the material data sheet of the L-PBF equipment manufacturer. Fractography performed via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) has found indications of porosity and lack of fusion that may have contributed to lower Elasticity modulus and an overall impacted mechanical performance. A complementary powder quality analysis has offered further insights on this and provided indications on the powder recycling impact.

中文翻译：

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粉末床熔融钢 316L 的拉伸各向异性：构建方向影响的实际研究

本研究研究了通过激光粉末床熔合 (L-PBF) 在不同方向制造的 316L 钢的拉伸各向异性。对以 0°、15°、30°、45°、60° 和 90° 角度生产的竣工 L-PBF 样本进行拉伸测试。屈服强度、极限拉伸强度和弹性模量随着构建角度的增加而降低。相反，断裂伸长率随着构建角度的增加而增加。发现弹性模量远低于 L-PBF 设备制造商材料数据表中报告的标称值。通过扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 进行的断口分析发现了孔隙度和缺乏熔合的迹象，这可能导致弹性模量降低和整体机械性能受到影响。补充粉末质量分析对此提供了进一步的见解，并提供了粉末回收影响的指示。