Environmental concerns linked to fossil fuels, including but not limited to global warming, climate change, water and soil acidification, are compelling countries to investigate and advance biomass energy sources. In this study, lipid-isolated residue (CVR) and sewage sludge (SS) were characterized for their pyrolytic drivers, behaviors, in situ gasses, kinetics, bio-chars, and bio-oils using a hyphenated thermogravimetric–Fourier infrared spectroscopy/gas chromatography− mass spectrometry (TG-FTIR/GC-MS), two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS), and fixed bed reactor techniques. Also, an integrated response surface methodology and artificial neural network (RSM-ANN) modelling technique were utilized to optimize the pyrolytic products. Based on the TG/DTG analyses of the co-pyrolysis, two decomposition stages can be distinguished: the first stage involved degradation of CVR (150–350 °C), whereas the second stage (350–550 °C) was due to degradation of CVR-SS blends. The average activation energy () was 250 kJ/mol and 235 kJ/mol for CVR and SS degradation, respectively. The integrated RSM-ANN modelling led to the maximum bio-oil and minimum of gas yield. As revealed by TG-FT/IR-GC/MS, 2D-COS, and bio-oils’ GC-MS analyses, co-pyrolysis synergistically improves the hydrocarbon production, while inhibited most of the nitrogenous and oxygenous compounds. However, some upgrading processes are necessary in order to be used as a drop-in fuel. In addition, the SEM and elemental analysis was used to evaluate the char product, which revealed its potency as a fuel in a variety of contexts. The findings presented herein offer both a practical and theoretical foundation for augmenting and optimizing the comprehensive circularity of CVR and SS co-pyrolysis.

中文翻译：

---

微藻残渣和污水污泥的共热解：动力学、驱动因素和瓦斯-油-焦行为的深入表征

与化石燃料相关的环境问题，包括但不限于全球变暖、气候变化、水和土壤酸化，正迫使各国调查和推进生物质能源。在本研究中，使用联用热重-傅立叶红外光谱/气体分析仪对脂质分离残渣（CVR）和污水污泥（SS）的热解驱动因素、行为、原位气体、动力学、生物炭和生物油进行了表征。色谱-质谱（TG-FTIR/GC-MS）、二维相关光谱（2D-COS）和固定床反应器技术。此外，还利用集成响应面方法和人工神经网络（RSM-ANN）建模技术来优化热解产品。根据共热解的TG/DTG分析，可以区分两个分解阶段：第一阶段涉及CVR的降解（150-350℃），而第二阶段（350-550℃）是由于降解CVR-SS 混合物。CVR 和 SS 降解的平均活化能 () 分别为 250 kJ/mol 和 235 kJ/mol。集成的 RSM-ANN 建模可实现最大的生物油产量和最小的天然气产量。TG-FT/IR-GC/MS、2D-COS 和生物油的 GC-MS 分析表明，共热解可协同提高碳氢化合物的产量，同时抑制大部分含氮和含氧化合物。然而，为了用作直接燃料，需要一些升级过程。此外，还使用 ​​SEM 和元素分析来评估炭产品，揭示了其在各种情况下作为燃料的效力。本文提出的研究结果为增强和优化 CVR 和 SS 共热解的综合循环性提供了实践和理论基础。