Positive and negative consequences of using social media (SM) have been observed. Excessive use of SM, such as Facebook, can lead to problematic behaviours, resulting in emotional and social functioning changes. Moreover, the problematic use of SM is negatively associated with empathy's affective and cognitive components. The present study used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to test empathy differences between problematic and non-problematic Facebook users. In addition, the Facebook-related context that may modulate empathic response was investigated. Fifty-two participants (25 females; M = 24.6 years [SD ± 2.9]) took part in the study and were classified into two groups: non-problematic and problematic Facebook users. The study was conducted using the empathy for pain paradigm with three media-related contextual conditions: newspaper, Facebook-related, and neutral. The results indicated there was a statistically significant difference between the left and right side of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) among nonproblematic Facebook users when observing pain stimuli in the context of Facebook. For problematic Facebook users, there was significantly more activity on the left side of the PFC (compared to the right side) when observing painful stimuli in the newspaper context and non-painful stimuli in a neutral context. The differences in haemodynamic activity registered by fNIRS between the left and right PFCs were observed in both groups and may have resulted from difficulties in regulating emotional response and attention, particularly among the problematic Facebook user group.

中文翻译：

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有问题的 Facebook 使用和 Facebook 背景与疼痛处理同理心的关系：一项功能性近红外光谱研究

人们已经观察到使用社交媒体（SM）的积极和消极后果。过度使用 Facebook 等社交媒体可能会导致行为问题，从而导致情绪和社交功能发生变化。此外，SM 的有问题的使用与同理心的情感和认知成分呈负相关。本研究使用功能近红外光谱 (fNIRS) 来测试有问题和无问题的 Facebook 用户之间的同理心差异。此外，还调查了可能调节共情反应的 Facebook 相关环境。 52 名参与者（25 名女性；M = 24.6 岁 [SD ± 2.9]）参与了这项研究，并被分为两组：没有问题的 Facebook 用户和有问题的 Facebook 用户。这项研究是使用疼痛同理心范式和三种与媒体相关的情境条件进行的：报纸、Facebook 相关和中性。结果表明，在 Facebook 环境下观察疼痛刺激时，没有问题的 Facebook 用户的前额皮质 (PFC) 左右侧存在统计学上的显着差异。对于有问题的 Facebook 用户，当观察报纸环境中的疼痛刺激和中性环境中的非疼痛刺激时，前额叶皮质左侧的活动明显更多（与右侧相比）。在两组中都观察到 fNIRS 记录的左右 PFC 之间的血流动力学活动存在差异，这可能是由于难以调节情绪反应和注意力造成的，特别是在有问题的 Facebook 用户组中。