Fostering access to modern and clean energy sources in urban developing households involves a gender-sensitive approach. Although the relationship between energy sources and services has been studied extensively in recent years, less attention has been paid to the link between household energy consumption patterns and gender roles to explain the persistent reliance on biomass in urban developing contexts. This paper investigates gender roles in fuel choice decisions for the energy services required by developing urban households. The study utilised a mixed-methods approach, combining a literature review, a survey of 381 households in Maputo, the capital of Mozambique, and interviews with three key institutions from the energy sector. The survey results were analysed using descriptive statistics and a binary logistic regression model. The results, encompassing urban, suburban and peri-urban areas, highlight that the households often stack multiple fuels, including electricity, charcoal, liquified petroleum gas and wood, to meet their energy needs. In female- and male-headed households, women are often responsible for the energy sources, services and devices required for the household's well-being. The education level of the household head is the key determinant variable in the fuel choice decision. Cooking and electricity are the most versatile energy service and source, respectively. This paper finds that charcoal is the most preferred cooking fuel regardless of household income. Moreover, the results indicate a limited role of the gender of the household head in household fuel choice decisions, which calls for further research on the subject, specifically using qualitative methods.

中文翻译：

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从性别角度审视莫桑比克城市家庭能源消费模式

促进城市发展中家庭获得现代清洁能源需要采取对性别问题敏感的方法。尽管近年来能源与服务之间的关系得到了广泛的研究，但很少有人关注家庭能源消费模式与性别角色之间的联系来解释城市发展背景下对生物质的持续依赖。本文调查了发展中城市家庭所需能源服务的燃料选择决策中的性别角色。该研究采用了混合方法，结合了文献综述、对莫桑比克首都马普托381户家庭的调查以及对能源行业三个主要机构的采访。使用描述性统计和二元逻辑回归模型对调查结果进行分析。涵盖城市、郊区和城郊地区的研究结果表明，家庭经常堆放多种燃料，包括电力、木炭、液化石油气和木材，以满足能源需求。在女性和男性户主家庭中，女性往往负责家庭福祉所需的能源、服务和设备。户主的受教育程度是燃料选择的关键决定变量。烹饪和电力分别是最通用的能源服务和来源。本文发现，无论家庭收入如何，木炭都是最受欢迎的烹饪燃料。此外，结果表明户主性别在家庭燃料选择决策中的作用有限，这需要对该主题进行进一步研究，特别是使用定性方法。