This study aimed to investigate the effects of early or late feeding strategies and prebiotic, on immune responses and gut health during the early life stage of broiler chickens. A total of 240 day-old male broiler chicks were used in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments that comprised 2 feeding strategies (early or late) and 3 levels of prebiotic (0, recommended dosage or three times the recommended dosage) in a completely randomized design with 4 pen replicates and 10 broilers per each. Compared to broiler chickens that had early access to feed, delayed access to feed resulted in an increased population of and a decreased population of spp. and spp. in the ileum ( < 0.05). Additionally, delayed access to feed led to a decrease in villus height, crypt depth, villus height: villus width ratio, goblet cell density, and mucin 2 gene expression in the ileum ( < 0.05). The supplementation of prebiotics in both the late and early feeding strategy groups resulted in increased villus height, crypt depth, goblet cell density, mucin 2 gene expression, and antibodies against Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD). Additionally, it led to an improvement in the foot web thickness index ( < 0.05). Furthermore, it resulted in a significant decrease in the population of , while the populations of spp. and spp. in the ileum were significantly increased ( < 0.05). Therefore, this study suggests that incorporating prebiotics in the starter diet can effectively enhance immune responses and promote gut health, regardless of the feeding strategy (early or late). In conclusion, this study demonstrates the potential benefits of incorporating prebiotics into poultry diets to alleviate the detrimental effects of delayed access to feed and improve gut health during the early life stage of broiler chickens.

中文翻译：

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饲养策略和益生元补充：对肉鸡生命早期阶段免疫反应和肠道健康的影响

本研究旨在调查早期或晚期喂养策略和益生元对肉鸡生命早期阶段免疫反应和肠道健康的影响。总共 240 只日龄雄性肉鸡被用于 2 × 3 因子排列的处理，其中包括 2 种饲喂策略（早期或晚期）和 3 种水平的益生元（0，推荐剂量或推荐剂量的三倍）。完全随机设计，有 4 个重复栏，每个重复 10 只肉鸡。与早期获得饲料的肉鸡相比，延迟获得饲料导致 spp 种群数量增加和种群数量减少。和 spp。在回肠（<0.05）。此外，延迟采食导致回肠中绒毛高度、隐窝深度、绒毛高度：绒毛宽度比、杯状细胞密度和粘蛋白2基因表达降低（<0.05）。在晚期和早期喂养策略组中补充益生元导致绒毛高度、隐窝深度、杯状细胞密度、粘蛋白2基因表达和抗传染性法氏囊病（IBD）抗体增加。此外，它还导致脚蹼厚度指数的改善（<0.05）。此外，它导致 的种群数量显着减少，而 spp 的种群数量显着减少。和 spp。回肠中显着增加（<0.05）。因此，这项研究表明，无论采用何种喂养策略（早期或晚期），在起始饮食中加入益生元都可以有效增强免疫反应并促进肠道健康。总之，这项研究证明了将益生元纳入家禽日粮中的潜在好处，可以减轻延迟获取饲料的不利影响，并改善肉鸡生命早期阶段的肠道健康。