Biomass as a zero-carbon fuel plays a pivotal role in global sustainable energy development. Among diverse biomass-based energy utilization methods, biomass steam gasification emerges as a crucial pathway for low-carbon utilization and green hydrogen production. Microdynamics unravel the chemical mechanisms of biomass steam gasification at the molecular level, offering profound insights into material behavior, energy transfer, and chemical reactions. Consequently, optimizing the gasification process, improving gasification efficiency, and minimizing energy losses are attainable goals, thereby fostering the development of detailed kinetic mechanisms and theoretical guidance for reactor design and performance optimization. This review is the first comprehensive overview of microdynamics in biomass steam gasification, meticulously examining and analyzing the literature. The primary focus lies on char steam gasification reactivity, carbonaceous structure conversion, the migration and transformation processes of various elements, and the catalytic mechanisms of alkali and alkaline earth metals in ash. Emphasis is placed on the imperative need to develop in-situ monitoring experimental methods and refine biomass char molecular structure models. Furthermore, the review proposes research directions for advancing detailed kinetic mechanisms in biomass steam gasification. It provides a systematic and foundational basis for the cleaner and more efficient utilization of biomass energy from a microdynamics perspective.

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生物质蒸汽气化的微观动力学：综述

生物质作为一种零碳燃料，在全球可持续能源发展中发挥着举足轻重的作用。在多种生物质能源利用方法中，生物质蒸汽气化成为低碳利用和绿色制氢的重要途径。微观动力学在分子水平上揭示了生物质蒸汽气化的化学机制，为材料行为、能量传递和化学反应提供了深刻的见解。因此，优化气化过程、提高气化效率和最小化能量损失是可以实现的目标，从而促进详细动力学机制的发展以及反应器设计和性能优化的理论指导。这篇综述是对生物质蒸汽气化微观动力学的第一次全面概述，对文献进行了仔细的审查和分析。主要研究焦炭蒸汽气化反应性、碳质结构转化、各种元素的迁移和转化过程以及灰分中碱金属和碱土金属的催化机制。重点强调迫切需要开发原位监测实验方法和完善生物质炭分子结构模型。此外，该综述还提出了推进生物质蒸汽气化详细动力学机制的研究方向。从微观动力学角度为生物质能的清洁高效利用提供了系统的基础基础。