This study employed bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the causal links between psychiatric disorders and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Instrumental variables were chosen from genome-wide association studies of schizophrenia (SCH, = 127,906), bipolar disorder (BD, = 51,710), major depressive disorder (MDD, = 500,199), and SNHL ( = 212,544). In the univariable MR analysis, the inverse-variance weighted method (IVW) was conducted as the primary analysis, complemented by various sensitivity analyses to ensure result robustness. SCH exhibited a decreased the risk of SNHL (OR = 0.949, = 0.005), whereas BD showed an increased incidence of SNHL (OR = 1.145, = 0.005). No causal association was found for MDD on SNHL (OR = 1.088, = 0.246). Multivariable MR validated these results. In the reverse direction, genetically predicted SNHL was linked to a decreased risk of SCH with suggestive significance (OR = 0.912, = 0.023). No reverse causal relationships were observed for SNHL influencing BD or MDD. These findings remained consistent across various MR methods and sensitivity analyses. This study demonstrated that the causal relationships between diverse psychiatric disorders with SNHL were heterogeneous. Specifically, SCH was inversely associated with SNHL susceptibility, and similarly, a reduced risk of SNHL was observed in schizophrenia patients. In contrast, BD exhibited an increased incidence of SNHL, although SNHL did not influence the prevalence of BD. No causal association between MDD and SNHL was found.

中文翻译：

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精神疾病与感音神经性听力损失之间的因果关系：双向双样本孟德尔随机化分析

本研究采用双向双样本孟德尔随机化 (MR) 来调查精神疾病与感音神经性听力损失 (SNHL) 之间的因果关系。工具变量选自精神分裂症 (SCH, = 127,906)、双相情感障碍 (BD, = 51,710)、重度抑郁症 (MDD, = 500,199) 和 SNHL (= 212,544) 的全基因组关联研究。在单变量MR分析中，以逆方差加权法（IVW）作为主要分析，并辅以各种敏感性分析，以确保结果的稳健性。 SCH 表现出 SNHL 风险降低（OR = 0.949，= 0.005），而 BD 表现出 SNHL 发病率增加（OR = 1.145，= 0.005）。未发现 SNHL 与 MDD 存在因果关系（OR = 1.088，= 0.246）。多变量 MR 验证了这些结果。相反，基因预测的 SNHL 与 SCH 风险降低相关，具有提示意义（OR = 0.912，= 0.023）。没有观察到 SNHL 影响 BD 或 MDD 的反向因果关系。这些发现在各种 MR 方法和敏感性分析中保持一致。这项研究表明，不同精神疾病与 SNHL 之间的因果关系是异质的。具体来说，SCH 与 SNHL 易感性呈负相关，同样，在精神分裂症患者中观察到 SNHL 风险降低。相比之下，BD 表现出 SNHL 的发病率增加，尽管 SNHL 并不影响 BD 的患病率。未发现 MDD 与 SNHL 之间存在因果关系。