Inorganic mercury (IHg) is hazardous to marine organisms especially resulting in neurotoxicity, bivalves are sensitive to pollutants as “ocean sentinel”, but data on the neurotoxicity of IHg in bivalves are sparse. So we chosed with typical neural structures in bivalves to investigate the neurotoxicity of IHg, which could be helpful to understand the specificity of neural regulation and the response characteristics of bivalves. After acute exposed to IHg (HgCl) for 24 h, the metabolites of ganglion tissues in were evaluated using H-nuclear magnetic resonance based metabolomics; Ca, neurotransmitters (nitric oxide, glutamate, acetylcholine) and related enzymes (calcineurin, nitric oxide synthase and acetylcholinesterase) were measured using biochemical detection. Compared to the control group, the levels of the nitric oxide (81.04 ± 12.84 μmol/g prot) and acetylcholine (30.93 ± 12.57 μg/mg prot) in of IHg-treated were decreased, while glutamate (2.11 ± 0.61 mmol/L) increased significantly; the activity of nitric oxide synthase (679.34 ± 135.33 U/mg prot) was increased, while acetylcholinesterase (1.39 ± 0.44 U/mg prot) decreased significantly, and the activity of calcineurin (0.52 ± 0.02 U/mg prot) had a statistically insignificant increasing tendency. The concentration of Ca (0.92 ± 0.46 mmol/g prot) in the IHg-treated group was significantly higher than that in the control group. OPLS-DA was performed to reveal the difference in metabolites between the control and IHg-challenged groups, the metabolites of glucose, glutamine, inosine, succinate, glutamate, homarine, and alanine were sensitive to IHg, subsequently metabolic pathways that were affected including glucose metabolism, glutamine metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, Krebs cycle, amino acid metabolism and osmotic regulation. In our study, IHg interfered with metabolites in , thus the corresponding metabolic pathways were changed, which influenced the neurotransmitters subsequently. Furthermore, Caoverload affected the synthesis or degradation of the neurotransmitters, and then the altered neurotransmitters involved in changes in metabolic pathways again. Overall, we hypothesized that the neurotoxic effects of IHg on bivalve were in close contact with metabolism, neurotransmitters, related enzymes and Ca, which could be effective neurotoxic biomarkers for marine environmental quality assessment, and also provide effective data for the study of the regulatory mechanism of the nervous system in response to IHg in bivalves.

中文翻译：

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无机汞对中华蛤蜊的急性神经毒性

无机汞（IHg）对海洋生物有危害，尤其会产生神经毒性，双壳类作为“海洋哨兵”对污染物非常敏感，但IHg对双壳类神经毒性的数据却很少。因此，我们选择双壳类典型的神经结构来研究IHg的神经毒性，这有助于了解双壳类神经调节的特异性和反应特征。急性暴露于IHg（HgCl）24小时后，使用基于H-核磁共振的代谢组学评估神经节组织的代谢物；使用生化检测测量 Ca、神经递质（一氧化氮、谷氨酸、乙酰胆碱）和相关酶（钙调神经磷酸酶、一氧化氮合酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶）。与对照组相比，IHg处理组的一氧化氮（81.04 ± 12.84 μmol/g prot）和乙酰胆碱（30.93 ± 12.57 μg/mg prot）水平降低，而谷氨酸（2.11 ± 0.61 mmol/L）水平降低。显着增加；一氧化氮合酶活性（679.34±135.33 U/mg prot）升高，乙酰胆碱酯酶（1.39±0.44 U/mg prot）显着降低，钙调磷酸酶活性（0.52±0.02 U/mg prot）无统计学意义。增加的趋势。 IHg处理组的Ca浓度（0.92±0.46mmol/g prot）显着高于对照组。 OPLS-DA旨在揭示对照组和IHg攻击组之间代谢物的差异，葡萄糖、谷氨酰胺、肌苷、琥珀酸、谷氨酸、苋碱和丙氨酸的代谢物对IHg敏感，随后受影响的代谢途径包括葡萄糖代谢、谷氨酰胺代谢、核苷酸代谢、克雷布斯循环、氨基酸代谢和渗透调节。在我们的研究中，IHg干扰了代谢物，从而改变了相应的代谢途径，进而影响了神经递质。此外，Ca超负荷影响神经递质的合成或降解，然后改变的神经递质再次参与代谢途径的变化。综上所述，我们推测IHg对双壳类的神经毒性作用与代谢、神经递质、相关酶和Ca密切相关，可以作为海洋环境质量评估的有效神经毒性生物标志物，也为调节机制的研究提供有效的数据。双壳类动物神经系统对 IHg 的反应。