Despite the considerable advancements in chemotherapy as a cornerstone modality in cancer treatment, the prevalence of complications and pre-existing diseases is on the rise among cancer patients along with prolonged survival and aging population. The relationships between these disorders and cancer are intricate, bearing significant influence on the survival and quality of life of individuals with cancer and presenting challenges for the prognosis and outcomes of malignancies. Herein, we review the prevailing complications and comorbidities that often accompany chemotherapy and summarize the lessons to learn from inadequate research and management of this scenario, with an emphasis on possible strategies for reducing potential complications and alleviating comorbidities, as well as an overview of current preclinical cancer models and practical advice for establishing bio-faithful preclinical models in such complex context.

中文翻译：

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与抗肿瘤化疗相关的并发症和合并症：重新思考抗癌治疗的药物设计和给药

尽管化疗作为癌症治疗的基石方式取得了相当大的进步，但随着生存期的延长和人口老龄化，癌症患者的并发症和既存疾病的患病率仍在上升。这些疾病与癌症之间的关系错综复杂，对癌症患者的生存和生活质量产生重大影响，并对恶性肿瘤的预后和结果提出挑战。在此，我们回顾了化疗中常见的并发症和合并症，并总结了从对这种情况的研究和管理不充分中吸取的教训，重点是减少潜在并发症和减轻合并症的可能策略，以及当前临床前的概述癌症模型以及在如此复杂的背景下建立生物忠实的临床前模型的实用建议。