Traditional knowledge about plants is unfortunately subjected to a progressive loss, mainly due to globalization and depopulation of the rural areas. This work enhances the ethnobotanical knowledge from Northern Italy, specifically Bologna district, and contributes to preserving Italy’s plant-based traditional knowledge and to valorize local resources also in view of an ecological transition. The study was conducted between 2010 and 2016 in Bologna district encompassing 22 municipalities, which were grouped into three areas: hill, mountain, and plain. In total, 1172 key informants were interviewed, ranging in age from 50 to 85 years, and having strong links with traditional activities in the area. The final inventory included 374 taxa belonging to 91 families. Among these, 251 were wild native, 40 wild alien, 74 cultivated and 6 were products bought from the market. Hill, mountain, and plain provided information on 278, 213, and 110 taxa, respectively. The most cited families were Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, and Rosaceae. The information was systematized in 12 use categories (UC): medicinal (MED), food, cosmetic, domestic, superstitious–magical–religious (SMR), agropastoral, craft, repellent-insecticide, veterinary, toxic, games, other uses and information. The most relevant UC were in turn divided into subcategories. A descriptive table with all the results was also created. MED was the most relevant UC (310 taxa), and among the 17 MED subcategories, the most significant ones were: gastroenteric (160 taxa), respiratory (133 taxa), and dermatologic (122 taxa). Food was also relevant (197 taxa, and 16 subcategories), and the widest food subcategory was nutraceutical (98 taxa). In cosmetic, the most relevant subcategory was skin treatment (37 taxa). Within SMR, the majority of the plants were cited to heal a disease in a ritual or superstitious way (15 taxa), while for agropastoral, the majority of the taxa (29) were cited as feed. The data collected has highlighted a significant traditional use of plants in Bologna district. Some plants or uses emerged for the first time from an ethnobotanical study carried out in Italy. The inclusion of a large number of municipalities and informants enabled the collection of a wide spectrum of data, encompassing various uses, anecdotes, and historical curiosities, which are crucial to preserve from being forgotten.

中文翻译：

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拯救当地传统：对博洛尼亚区植物用途的民族植物学调查（意大利）

不幸的是，有关植物的传统知识正在逐渐丧失，这主要是由于全球化和农村地区人口减少。这项工作增强了意大利北部，特别是博洛尼亚地区的民族植物学知识，并有助于保护意大利以植物为基础的传统知识，并从生态转型的角度评估当地资源。该研究于 2010 年至 2016 年间在博洛尼亚地区进行，涵盖 22 个城市，分为丘陵、山区和平原三个区域。总共采访了 1172 名关键知情人，他们的年龄从 50 岁到 85 岁不等，并且与该地区的传统活动有密切联系。最终清点包括属于 91 个科的 374 个类群。其中，野生本地251种，野生外来40种，栽培74种，市场购买产品6种。丘陵、山地和平原分别提供了 278、213 和 110 个类群的信息。引用最多的科是菊科、唇形科和蔷薇科。该信息按 12 个用途类别 (UC) 进行系统化：医药 (MED)、食品、化妆品、家庭、迷信-魔法-宗教 (SMR)、农牧、工艺、驱虫-杀虫剂、兽医、有毒、游戏、其他用途和信息。最相关的 UC 又被分为子类别。还创建了包含所有结果的描述性表格。MED 是最相关的 UC（310 个分类单元），在 17 个 MED 子类别中，最重要的是：胃肠病学（160 个分类单元）、呼吸系统（133 个分类单元）和皮肤病学（122 个分类单元）。食品也相关（197 个分类单元和 16 个子类别），最广泛的食品子类别是营养食品（98 个分类单元）。在化妆品中，最相关的子类别是皮肤治疗（37 个分类单元）。在 SMR 中，大多数植物被认为可以通过仪式或迷信的方式治愈疾病（15 个分类单元），而对于农牧业来说，大多数植物（29 个分类单元）被认为可以作为饲料。收集的数据凸显了博洛尼亚地区植物的重要传统用途。一些植物或用途是在意大利进行的一项民族植物学研究中首次出现的。大量城市和线人的加入使得能够收集广泛的数据，包括各种用途、轶事和历史奇闻，这些对于防止被遗忘至关重要。