Sarcoma is a malignant tumor that originates from mesenchymal tissue. The common treatment for sarcoma is surgery supplemented with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, patients have a 5-year survival rate of only approximately 60%, and sarcoma cells are highly resistant to chemotherapy. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent nonapoptotic type of regulated programmed cell death that is closely related to the pathophysiological processes underlying tumorigenesis, neurological diseases and other conditions. Moreover, ferroptosis is mediated via multiple regulatory pathways that may be targets for disease therapy. Recent studies have shown that the induction of ferroptosis is an effective way to kill sarcoma cells and reduce their resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. Moreover, ferroptosis-related genes are related to the immune system, and their expression can be used to predict sarcoma prognosis. In this review, we describe the molecular mechanism underlying ferroptosis in detail, systematically summarize recent research progress with respect to ferroptosis application as a sarcoma treatment in various contexts, and point out gaps in the theoretical research on ferroptosis, challenges to its clinical application, potential resolutions of these challenges to promote ferroptosis as an efficient, reliable and novel method of clinical sarcoma treatment.

中文翻译：

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利用铁死亡增强肉瘤治疗：机制、进展和前景

肉瘤是一种起源于间叶组织的恶性肿瘤。肉瘤的常见治疗方法是手术辅以放疗和化疗。然而，患者的5年生存率仅为60%左右，而且肉瘤细胞对化疗具有高度耐药性。铁死亡是一种铁依赖性非凋亡类型的受调节程序性细胞死亡，与肿瘤发生、神经系统疾病和其他疾病的病理生理过程密切相关。此外，铁死亡是通过多种调节途径介导的，这些途径可能是疾病治疗的目标。最近的研究表明，诱导铁死亡是杀死肉瘤细胞并降低其对化疗药物耐药性的有效方法。此外，铁死亡相关基因与免疫系统相关，其表达可用于预测肉瘤预后。在这篇综述中，我们详细描述了铁死亡的分子机制，系统总结了铁死亡在各种背景下应用于肉瘤治疗的最新研究进展，并指出了铁死亡理论研究的空白、临床应用的挑战、潜力。解决这些挑战，促进铁死亡作为一种有效、可靠和新颖的临床肉瘤治疗方法。