Kinetics of antimony production via carbothermal reduction of Sb2O3–carbon powder–NaCl mixture using microwave and conventional heating was investigated to identify the dominant controlling mechanism. Results of conventional heating revealed the temperature range of conventional carbothermal reduction reaction is 500°C to 800°C, with the average activation energy of each stage being 81.97 kJ/mol (α = 0.1–0.5), 65.17 kJ/mol (α = 0.5–0.75), and 69.86 kJ/mol (α = 0.75–1.0), respectively. In the microwave field, the carbothermal reduction reaction of raw materials can be completed at 600°C to obtain antimony, and the weight loss data of the carbothermal reduction process were recorded for the first time. The above results show that the microwave field enhanced the interfacial chemical effect, accelerated the interfacial diffusion from the metal phase to the oxide phase, and reduced the activation energy of the carbon thermal reduction process to 6.85 kJ/mol. The growth index of antimony grain growth process is estimated to be 4.33, controlled by the surface diffusion. These data provide a reliable theoretical basis for studying the reduction reactions of minerals in microwave fields.

中文翻译：

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Sb2O3 微波碳热还原动力学：等温和非等温微波热重分析

通过 Sb 碳热还原生产锑的动力学2氧3研究了使用微波和常规加热的碳粉-氯化钠混合物，以确定主要的控制机制。常规加热结果表明，常规碳热还原反应温度范围为500℃~800℃，各阶段平均活化能为81.97 kJ/mol（α= 0.1–0.5), 65.17 kJ/mol (α= 0.5–0.75), 和 69.86 kJ/mol (α= 0.75–1.0），分别。在微波领域，原料可在600℃下完成碳热还原反应获得锑，并首次记录了碳热还原过程的失重数据。上述结果表明，微波场增强了界面化学效应，加速了金属相到氧化物相的界面扩散，使碳热还原过程的活化能降低至6.85 kJ/mol。锑晶粒生长过程的生长指数估计为4.33，受表面扩散控制。这些数据为研究微波场中矿物的还原反应提供了可靠的理论依据。